A study was performed concerning medical emergencies on commercial airline flights. A database was constructed based on calls to a medical communications center from 5 domestic and international airlines representing approximately 15% of the global passenger flight volume from January 2005 to December 2007. There were 11,000 in flight medical emergencies (IFM) among 8,000,000 flights during the study period. Assume that there is at most 1 IFM per flight. Suppose a flight attendant works on 3 flights per day for each of 300 days per year. Also, assume that the flight attendant’s total duration of employment is 20 years. What is the approximate probability that he/she encounter at least 5 IFM’s over a 20 year period? (b) Suppose we observe 80 alcoholics with cirrhosis of the liver, of whom 25 have hepatomas, that is, liver cell carcinoma. Suppose we know, based on a large sample, that t`he risk of hepatoma among alcoholics without cirrhosis of the liver is 25%. What is the approximate probability of observing at least 30 hepatomas among the 80 alcoholics without cirrhosis of the liver?
Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known as the expectation, is denoted by: E(X).
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosing a card. Each of these events has multiple possibilities. Every such possibility is measured with the help of probability. To be more precise, the probability is used for calculating the occurrence of events that may or may not happen. Probability does not give sure results. Unless the probability of any event is 1, the different outcomes may or may not happen in real life, regardless of how less or how more their probability is.
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the probability value 1 indicates that the event will occur. Sum of the probability value must be 1. The probability value is never a negative number. If it happens, then recheck the calculation.
A study was performed concerning medical emergencies on commercial airline flights. A database was constructed based on calls to a medical communications center from 5 domestic and international airlines representing approximately 15% of the global passenger flight volume from January 2005 to December 2007. There were 11,000 in flight medical emergencies (IFM) among 8,000,000 flights during the study period. Assume that there is at most 1 IFM per flight. Suppose a flight attendant works on 3 flights per day for each of 300 days per year. Also, assume that the flight attendant’s total duration of employment is 20 years. What is the approximate probability that he/she encounter at least 5 IFM’s over a 20 year period?
(b) Suppose we observe 80 alcoholics with cirrhosis of the liver, of whom 25 have hepatomas, that is, liver cell carcinoma. Suppose we know, based on a large sample, that t`he risk of hepatoma among alcoholics without cirrhosis of the liver is 25%. What is the approximate probability of observing at least 30 hepatomas among the 80 alcoholics without cirrhosis of the liver?
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