A study is designed to investigate whether there is a difference in response to various treatments in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The outcome is patient’s self-reported effect of treatment.  The data are shown on the next page.  Is there a significant difference in effect of treatment? Hint: Are severity of symptoms and treatment independent?  Run the test at a 5% level of significance. Demonstrate the five steps for hypothesis testing and draw a conclusion based on your results.  Remember to determine the p-value, if relevant.   Symptoms Worsened No Effect Symptoms Improved Total Treatment 1 22 14 14 50 Treatment 2 14 15 21 50 Treatment 3 9 12 29 50

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Confidence Intervals

When we calculate intervals in probability and statistics, it can be simply termed as finding out a confidence interval. The confidence interval is usually calculated from the data set which is observed. The value of the parameter that needs to be calculated is present here only.