A study investigated the impact of sleep deprivation on academic performance in university medical students. An individual's sleep habit was measured using a sleep quality index. A higher index number indicates poorer sleep quality. Academic performance was measured by the student's cumulative grade point average. In addition, the student's physical activity, as measured by the average time for exercise per week, and their behavioural risk factors such as alcohol use, smoking habit and coffee use were recoded
|
Gender |
Alcohol |
Exercise |
SQI |
GPA |
|
Male |
Yes |
9 |
15.5 |
3.85 |
|
Male |
Yes |
11 |
11.0 |
5.46 |
|
Female |
No |
5 |
11.1 |
3.28 |
|
Female |
No |
6 |
13.9 |
2.37 |
|
Female |
Yes |
8 |
9.9 |
4.63 |
|
Male |
Yes |
11 |
14.5 |
4.58 |
|
Male |
Yes |
9 |
10.6 |
4.96 |
|
Male |
Yes |
11 |
15.1 |
1.02 |
|
Female |
No |
8 |
12.4 |
4.33 |
|
Female |
Yes |
10 |
11.5 |
3.96 |
|
Male |
No |
8 |
10.6 |
5.83 |
|
Male |
Yes |
7 |
11.5 |
6.12 |
|
Male |
Yes |
10 |
10.8 |
2.20 |
|
Male |
Yes |
11 |
12.5 |
2.93 |
|
Male |
Yes |
9 |
16.4 |
4.52 |
|
Female |
Yes |
2 |
14.1 |
4.50 |
|
Male |
Yes |
8 |
15.3 |
1.63 |
|
Female |
No |
6 |
18.0 |
3.09 |
|
Female |
No |
5 |
9.7 |
3.92 |
|
Male |
Yes |
11 |
10.5 |
3.10 |
|
Female |
No |
8 |
13.7 |
5.42 |
|
Male |
Yes |
8 |
14.9 |
2.03 |
|
Female |
No |
7 |
10.9 |
5.90 |
|
Male |
No |
10 |
14.5 |
3.25 |
|
Male |
Yes |
7 |
11.5 |
5.21 |
|
Female |
No |
9 |
11.3 |
3.31 |
|
Male |
Yes |
9 |
11.6 |
2.51 |
|
Male |
No |
10 |
15.6 |
3.88 |
|
Male |
Yes |
10 |
12.3 |
4.33 |
|
Male |
Yes |
11 |
12.2 |
4.49 |
|
Female |
No |
6 |
15.6 |
4.16 |
|
Male |
Yes |
11 |
11.0 |
4.99 |
|
Male |
Yes |
11 |
13.5 |
5.76 |
|
Female |
No |
7 |
11.0 |
3.54 |
|
Female |
Yes |
6 |
8.1 |
4.23 |
|
Male |
Yes |
8 |
17.6 |
3.66 |
|
Male |
Yes |
9 |
9.1 |
6.02 |
|
Male |
Yes |
12 |
13.5 |
3.56 |
|
Male |
Yes |
10 |
18.8 |
3.79 |
|
Female |
No |
8 |
12.8 |
4.59 |
|
Male |
Yes |
8 |
15.4 |
3.20 |
|
Male |
Yes |
9 |
12.6 |
0.98 |
|
Male |
Yes |
8 |
15.8 |
3.43 |
|
Male |
Yes |
8 |
14.2 |
5.68 |
|
Female |
No |
9 |
14.1 |
4.55 |
|
Female |
No |
6 |
14.7 |
3.16 |
|
Female |
No |
7 |
14.6 |
5.41 |
|
Female |
No |
4 |
10.1 |
4.31 |
|
Female |
Yes |
12 |
10.4 |
1.85 |
|
Female |
No |
7 |
11.2 |
3.87 |
|
Male |
Yes |
10 |
11.9 |
2.75 |
|
Male |
Yes |
10 |
8.2 |
6.77 |
|
Male |
Yes |
12 |
17.5 |
5.68 |
|
Male |
Yes |
11 |
8.4 |
5.26 |
|
Female |
No |
10 |
16.1 |
3.85 |
|
Male |
No |
7 |
13.4 |
6.07 |
|
Male |
Yes |
10 |
11.2 |
6.15 |
|
Male |
Yes |
10 |
17.5 |
4.75 |
A study investigated the impact of sleep deprivation on academic performance in university medical students. An individual's sleep habit was measured using a sleep quality index. A higher index number indicates poorer sleep quality. Academic performance was measured by the student's cumulative grade point average. In addition, the student's physical activity, as measured by the average time for exercise per week, and their behavioural risk factors such as alcohol use, smoking habit and coffee use were recoded.
The data contains the following variables:
GenderGender of the student (Male/Female)
Alcohol Whether the student drinks alcoholic beverages (Yes/No)
ExerciseAverage hours of exercise per week
SQISleep Quality Index (a higher index number indicates poorer sleep quality)
GPACumulative Grade Point Average
The association between academic performance and sleep quality may be obscured by the students' engagement in physical activity and behavioural risk factors. Assuming there are no interactions, fit a multiple regression model for academic performance using sleep quality, exercise and alcohol usage as predictors. The estimated coefficient for the variable Exercise in this model is
-0.0192
-0.0142
-0.0070
0.0035
Question 11
In the fitted regression model in Question 10, the degrees of freedom used to test the statistical significance of the population parameter corresponding to the variable Exercise is
50
54
55
57
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