A study investigated the effects of cyclic loading and environmental conditions on fatigue crack growth at a constant 22 MPa stress for a particular material. The data from this experiment are shown below (the response is crack growth rate). Frequency Environment Air H2O Salt H2O 10 2.29 2.06 1.90 2.47 2.05 1.93 2.48 2.23 1.75 2.12 2.03 2.06 1 2.65 3.20 3.10 2.68 3.18 3.24 2.06 3.96 3.98 2.38 3.64 3.24 0.1 2.24 11.00 9.96 2.71 11.00 10.01 2.81 9.06 9.36 2.08 11.30 10.40 Analyze the data from this experiment (use α = 0.05). Show the ANOVA table. Analyze the residuals. Show the residual plots. Repeat the analyses from parts (a) and (b) using ln(y) - natural log as the response. Comment on the results.
Design Against Fluctuating Loads
Machine elements are subjected to varieties of loads, some components are subjected to static loads, while some machine components are subjected to fluctuating loads, whose load magnitude tends to fluctuate. The components of a machine, when rotating at a high speed, are subjected to a high degree of load, which fluctuates from a high value to a low value. For the machine elements under the action of static loads, static failure theories are applied to know the safe and hazardous working conditions and regions. However, most of the machine elements are subjected to variable or fluctuating stresses, due to the nature of load that fluctuates from high magnitude to low magnitude. Also, the nature of the loads is repetitive. For instance, shafts, bearings, cams and followers, and so on.
Design Against Fluctuating Load
Stress is defined as force per unit area. When there is localization of huge stresses in mechanical components, due to irregularities present in components and sudden changes in cross-section is known as stress concentration. For example, groves, keyways, screw threads, oil holes, splines etc. are irregularities.
- A study investigated the effects of cyclic loading and environmental conditions on fatigue crack growth at a constant 22 MPa stress for a particular material. The data from this experiment are shown below (the response is crack growth rate).
|
Frequency |
Environment |
||
|
Air |
H2O |
Salt H2O |
|
|
10 |
2.29 |
2.06 |
1.90 |
|
2.47 |
2.05 |
1.93 |
|
|
2.48 |
2.23 |
1.75 |
|
|
2.12 |
2.03 |
2.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
2.65 |
3.20 |
3.10 |
|
2.68 |
3.18 |
3.24 |
|
|
2.06 |
3.96 |
3.98 |
|
|
2.38 |
3.64 |
3.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1 |
2.24 |
11.00 |
9.96 |
|
2.71 |
11.00 |
10.01 |
|
|
2.81 |
9.06 |
9.36 |
|
|
2.08 |
11.30 |
10.40 |
- Analyze the data from this experiment (use α = 0.05). Show the ANOVA table.
- Analyze the residuals. Show the residual plots.
- Repeat the analyses from parts (a) and (b) using ln(y) - natural log as the response. Comment on the results.
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