A study compared three display panels used by air traffic controllers. Each display panel was tested for four different simulated emergency conditions. Twenty-four highly trained air traffic controllers were used in the study. Two controllers were randomly assigned to each display panel—emergency condition combination. The time (in seconds) required to stabilize the emergency condition was recorded. The following table gives the resulting data and the JMP output of a two-way ANOVA of the data. Emergency Condition Display Panel 1 2 3 4 A 17 25 31 14 14 24 34 13 B 15 22 28 9 12 19 31 10 C 21 29 32 15 24 28 37 19 Least Squares Means Estimates Panel Estimate Condition Estimate A 21.500000 1 17.166667 B 18.250000 2 24.500000 C 25.625000 3 32.166667 4 13.333333 Analysis of Variance Source DF Sum of Squares Mean Square F Ratio Model 11 1482.4583 134.769 32.6713 Error 12 49.5000 4.125 Prob > F C. Total 23 1531.9583 <.0001* Effect Tests Source Nparm DF Sum of Squares F Ratio Prob > F Panel 2 2 218.5833 26.4949 <.0001* Condition 3 3 1247.4583 100.8047 <.0001* Panel* Condition 6 6 16.4167 0.6633 0.6809 Tukey HSD All Pairwise Comparisons Quantile = 2.66776, Adjusted DF = 12.0, Adjustment = Tukey Panel -Panel Difference Std Error t Ratio Prob>|t| Lower 95% Upper 95% A B 3.25000 1.015505 3.20 0.0194* 0.5409 5.95912 A C −4.12500 1.015505 −4.06 0.0042* −6.8341 −1.41588 B C −7.37500 1.015505 −7.26 < .0001* −10.0841 −4.66588 Tukey HSD All Pairwise Comparisons Quantile = 2.9688, Adjusted DF = 12.0, Adjustment = Tukey Condition -Condition Difference Std Error t Ratio Prob>|t| Lower 95% Upper 95% 1 2 −7.3333 1.172604 −6.25 0.0002* −10.8146 −3.8521 1 3 −15.0000 1.172604 −12.79 < .0001* −18.4812 −11.5188 1 4 3.8333 1.172604 3.27 0.0297* 0.3521 7.3146 2 3 −7.6667 1.172604 −6.54 0.0001* −11.1479 −4.1854 2 4 11.1667 1.172604 9.52 < .0001* 7.6854 14.6479 3 4 18.8333 1.172604 16.06 < .0001* 15.3521 22.3146 (d) Make pairwise comparisons of display panels A, B, and C by using Tukey simultaneous 95 percent confidence intervals.(Round your answers to 4 decimal places. Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign.) muA - muB: [ ],[ ] muA - muC: [ ],[ ] muB - muC: [ ],[ ] (e) Make pairwise comparisons of emergency conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4 by using Tukey simultaneous 95 percent confidence intervals. (Round your answers to 4 decimal places. Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign.) mu1 - mu2: mu1 - mu3: mu1 - mu4: mu2 - mu3: mu2 - mu4: mu3 - mu4:
A study compared three display panels used by air traffic controllers. Each display panel was tested for four different simulated emergency conditions. Twenty-four highly trained air traffic controllers were used in the study. Two controllers were randomly assigned to each display panel—emergency condition combination. The time (in seconds) required to stabilize the emergency condition was recorded. The following table gives the resulting data and the JMP output of a two-way ANOVA of the data.
Emergency Condition | ||||
Display Panel | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
A | 17 | 25 | 31 | 14 |
14 | 24 | 34 | 13 | |
B | 15 | 22 | 28 | 9 |
12 | 19 | 31 | 10 | |
C | 21 | 29 | 32 | 15 |
24 | 28 | 37 | 19 | |
Least Squares Means Estimates | |||
Panel | Estimate | Condition | Estimate |
A | 21.500000 | 1 | 17.166667 |
B | 18.250000 | 2 | 24.500000 |
C | 25.625000 | 3 | 32.166667 |
4 | 13.333333 | ||
Analysis of Variance | ||||
Source | DF | Sum of Squares | Mean Square | F Ratio |
Model | 11 | 1482.4583 | 134.769 | 32.6713 |
Error | 12 | 49.5000 | 4.125 | Prob > F |
C. Total | 23 | 1531.9583 | <.0001* | |
Effect Tests | |||||
Source | Nparm | DF | Sum of Squares | F Ratio | Prob > F |
Panel | 2 | 2 | 218.5833 | 26.4949 | <.0001* |
Condition | 3 | 3 | 1247.4583 | 100.8047 | <.0001* |
Panel* Condition | 6 | 6 | 16.4167 | 0.6633 | 0.6809 |
Tukey HSD All Pairwise Comparisons
Quantile = 2.66776, Adjusted DF = 12.0, Adjustment = Tukey
Panel | -Panel | Difference | Std Error | t Ratio | Prob>|t| | Lower 95% | Upper 95% |
A | B | 3.25000 | 1.015505 | 3.20 | 0.0194* | 0.5409 | 5.95912 |
A | C | −4.12500 | 1.015505 | −4.06 | 0.0042* | −6.8341 | −1.41588 |
B | C | −7.37500 | 1.015505 | −7.26 | < .0001* | −10.0841 | −4.66588 |
Tukey HSD All Pairwise Comparisons
Quantile = 2.9688, Adjusted DF = 12.0, Adjustment = Tukey
Condition | -Condition | Difference | Std Error | t Ratio | Prob>|t| | Lower 95% | Upper 95% |
1 | 2 | −7.3333 | 1.172604 | −6.25 | 0.0002* | −10.8146 | −3.8521 |
1 | 3 | −15.0000 | 1.172604 | −12.79 | < .0001* | −18.4812 | −11.5188 |
1 | 4 | 3.8333 | 1.172604 | 3.27 | 0.0297* | 0.3521 | 7.3146 |
2 | 3 | −7.6667 | 1.172604 | −6.54 | 0.0001* | −11.1479 | −4.1854 |
2 | 4 | 11.1667 | 1.172604 | 9.52 | < .0001* | 7.6854 | 14.6479 |
3 | 4 | 18.8333 | 1.172604 | 16.06 | < .0001* | 15.3521 | 22.3146 |
(d) Make pairwise comparisons of display panels A, B, and C by using Tukey simultaneous 95 percent confidence intervals.(Round your answers to 4 decimal places. Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign.)
muA - muB: [ ],[ ]
muA - muC: [ ],[ ]
muB - muC: [ ],[ ]
(e) Make pairwise comparisons of emergency conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4 by using Tukey simultaneous 95 percent confidence intervals. (Round your answers to 4 decimal places. Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign.)
mu1 - mu2:
mu1 - mu3:
mu1 - mu4:
mu2 - mu3:
mu2 - mu4:
mu3 - mu4:
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