A structural member in a nuclear reactor is made of a zirconium alloy. An axial load of 22kN is to be supported by the member. Use a factor of safety of 3 relative to the yielding. E₂r = 100 GPa, σy = 400 MPa. The material has elastic behaviour. a) Determine its required cross-sectional area. Express the answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. b) What is the load on the member if it is 1 m long and its elongation is 0.6 mm?
Design Against Fluctuating Loads
Machine elements are subjected to varieties of loads, some components are subjected to static loads, while some machine components are subjected to fluctuating loads, whose load magnitude tends to fluctuate. The components of a machine, when rotating at a high speed, are subjected to a high degree of load, which fluctuates from a high value to a low value. For the machine elements under the action of static loads, static failure theories are applied to know the safe and hazardous working conditions and regions. However, most of the machine elements are subjected to variable or fluctuating stresses, due to the nature of load that fluctuates from high magnitude to low magnitude. Also, the nature of the loads is repetitive. For instance, shafts, bearings, cams and followers, and so on.
Design Against Fluctuating Load
Stress is defined as force per unit area. When there is localization of huge stresses in mechanical components, due to irregularities present in components and sudden changes in cross-section is known as stress concentration. For example, groves, keyways, screw threads, oil holes, splines etc. are irregularities.
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how did we go from 9.3kN to 7.5 kN for the load applied?
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