A structural engineer supplied the load ratio of a 450UB45 steel section as being 0.5. a) If the section is exposed to fires on three sides. What is your estimate of the fire resistance level of the section? b) If the section is suddenly exposed to a non- standard fire condition of constant temperature of 800 °C with all side exposure, how long will it take for the steel to reach a temperature reading of 4500C? How long will it take for the steel to reach the critical temperature?

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Pressurized pipe flow

A 15-kilometer-long pipe with a pipe diameter of one meter transports water at a speed of one meter per second. The pipe has a friction coefficient of 0.005. Calculate the frictional head loss?