A steel beam, of lengths a=5 m and b= 3 m and a hollow box cross section, is supported by a hinge support A and roller support B, see Figure Q.1. The width and height of the cross section are 200 mm and 300 mm, respectively, and the wall thickness of the cross section is 5 mm. The beam is under a distributed load of the intensity that linearly varies from q=0 kN/m to q= 5.1 kN/m for AB span; and is constant with q= 5.1 kN/m for BC span. The Young's modulus of steel is 200 GPa. y▲ A a لمتيممطلقة 5 mm 200 mm Figure Q.1 9 300 mm B b X

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Combined Loading

Any functioning component, such as machine parts, structural members, pressure vessels, and so on, are all under the influence of more than one force. When anybody is under the influence of more than one force such as shear forces, bending moments, axial forces, torsion, and so on, then such body is said to be under combined loading. A very practical example of combined loading is the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (IC engine). The crankshaft of the IC engine is under high rpm, which is caused due to the torsional forces. Due to the presence of piston, counterbalances, and internal imbalances, the crankshaft experiences lateral forces and due to the rise in temperature, the crankshaft undergoes thermal expansion, which pulls the crankshaft along the axial direction and lateral direction. The presence of unbalanced loads along the periphery of the crankshaft also induces a bending moment.