A square culvert is connected to the outlet point of the natural flow path for the 50yr return period stornmwater evert. The design discharge is 3.6m3/s. The culvert length is 25m and the slope is 0.003. If the maximum permissible headwater level is 3.6m above the culvert invert, what size of culvert should be used? The tail water level is 1.5m above the culvert invert. Assu square-edged entrance with head loss coefficient Ke = 0.5. Darcy friction coefficient f is 0.03.

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Open Channel Flow

Open channel flow is a branch of fluid mechanics. It deals with the flow of fluid in an open conduit or free surface. In an open channel flow, gravity induces the flow of water whose surface is open to the air. This flow is free-falling rather than confined in rigid body conduits. The open channel flow depends upon two parameters that are the cross-section of the conduit and the velocity profile. Practical examples of open channel flow are streams, rivers, canals, and other drainage systems.In open channel flow, the cross-sectional area of at least one of the sides is exposed to air, and the surface of water faces atmospheric pressure. This flow is also known as free gravity flow. The cross-sectional area of the conduit can be either man-made or a natural channel. For instance, the flow in rivers and streams are natural conduits, and the flow in a canal and sanitary systems are man-made or engineered channels.