A sonar echo returns to a submarine 1.20 s after being emitted. (a) What is the distance, in m, to the object creating the echo? Blank 1 (b) One second later, another echo is sent out and takes 1.25 s to return to the emitter. How fast, in m/s, is the object moving away from the sonar source? Blank 2 (Assume that the submarine is in the ocean, where the speed of sound is 1540 m/s.) Blank 1 Add your answer Blank 2 Add your answer

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Shock Waves

Shock waves are common in continuum mechanics, and their dominance is attributable to the fact that they are stronger (or even less) compressible. Substantial perturbations propagated as sudden dynamic changes of a compressible medium supersonically. Shock waves are all around us in our daily lives. Lightning, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and meteorite impact all produce them in nature. Even the earth, which is protected by its magnetic field, generates a shock wave as in solar wind that travels around 20 Earth radiuses. These shock waves might be either constant, linked to the body, or unsteady, i.e., moving around with time. All of the shocks mentioned above can be damaging, so precautions must be taken to reduce their impact.