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A solar sail allows a spacecraft to use radiation pressure for propulsion, similar to the way wind propels a sailboat. The sails of such spacecraft are made out of enormous reflecting panels. The area of the panels is maximized to catch the largest number of incident photons, thus maximizing the momentum transfer from the incident radiation. If such a spacecraft were to be simply pushed away from a star by the incident photons, the force of the radiation pressure would have to be be greater than the gravitational attraction from the star emitting the photons. The critical parameter is the area density (mass per unit area) of the sail. Part A Consider a perfectly reflecting mirror oriented so that solar radiation of intensity I is incident upon, and perpendicular to, the reflective surface of the mirror. If the mirror has surface area A, what is Frad, the magnitude of the average force due to the radiation pressure of the sunlight on the mirror? Express your answer in terms of the intensity I, the mirror's surface area A, and the speed of light c. ► View Available Hint(s) Frad = Submit [5] ΑΣΦ/Φ To solve the second part of this problem you will need to know the following: • the mass of the sun, Msun = 2.0 x 1030 kg, • the intensity of sunlight as a function of the distance, R, from the sun, Isun (R) ? = 3.2×1025 W R² and • the gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10-11 m³/(kg.s²).

A solar sail allows a spacecraft to use radiation pressure for propulsion, similar to the way wind propels a sailboat. The sails of such spacecraft are made out of enormous reflecting panels. The area of the panels is maximized to catch the largest number of incident photons, thus maximizing the momentum transfer from the incident radiation. If such a spacecraft were to be simply pushed away from a star by the incident photons, the force of the radiation pressure would have to be be greater than the gravitational attraction from the star emitting the photons. The critical parameter is the area density (mass per unit area) of the sail. Part A Consider a perfectly reflecting mirror oriented so that solar radiation of intensity I is incident upon, and perpendicular to, the reflective surface of the mirror. If the mirror has surface area A, what is Frad, the magnitude of the average force due to the radiation pressure of the sunlight on the mirror? Express your answer in terms of the intensity I, the mirror's surface area A, and the speed of light c. ► View Available Hint(s) Frad = Submit [5] ΑΣΦ/Φ To solve the second part of this problem you will need to know the following: • the mass of the sun, Msun = 2.0 x 1030 kg, • the intensity of sunlight as a function of the distance, R, from the sun, Isun (R) ? = 3.2×1025 W R² and • the gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10-11 m³/(kg.s²).

College Physics
College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors
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A solar sail allows a spacecraft to use radiation pressure for propulsion, similar to the way wind propels a sailboat. The sails of such spacecraft are made out of enormous reflecting panels. The area of the panels is maximized to catch the largest number of incident photons, thus maximizing the momentum transfer from the incident radiation. If such a spacecraft were to be simply pushed away from a star by the incident photons, the force of the radiation pressure would have to be be greater than the gravitational attraction from the star emitting the photons. The critical parameter is the area density (mass per unit area) of the sail. Part A Consider a perfectly reflecting mirror oriented so that solar radiation of intensity I is incident upon, and perpendicular to, the reflective surface of the mirror. If the mirror has surface area A, what is Frad, the magnitude of the average force due to the radiation pressure of the sunlight on the mirror? Express your answer in terms of the intensity I, the mirror's surface area A, and the speed of light c. View Available Hint(s) Frad = Submit VO ΑΣΦ To solve the second part of this problem you will need to know the following: • the mass of the sun, Msun 2.0 × 10³⁰ kg, • the intensity of sunlight as a function of the distance, R, from the sun, Isun (R) ? - 3.2×1025 W R² and • the gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−¹¹ m³/(kg · s²). "
Transcribed Image Text:A solar sail allows a spacecraft to use radiation pressure for propulsion, similar to the way wind propels a sailboat. The sails of such spacecraft are made out of enormous reflecting panels. The area of the panels is maximized to catch the largest number of incident photons, thus maximizing the momentum transfer from the incident radiation. If such a spacecraft were to be simply pushed away from a star by the incident photons, the force of the radiation pressure would have to be be greater than the gravitational attraction from the star emitting the photons. The critical parameter is the area density (mass per unit area) of the sail. Part A Consider a perfectly reflecting mirror oriented so that solar radiation of intensity I is incident upon, and perpendicular to, the reflective surface of the mirror. If the mirror has surface area A, what is Frad, the magnitude of the average force due to the radiation pressure of the sunlight on the mirror? Express your answer in terms of the intensity I, the mirror's surface area A, and the speed of light c. View Available Hint(s) Frad = Submit VO ΑΣΦ To solve the second part of this problem you will need to know the following: • the mass of the sun, Msun 2.0 × 10³⁰ kg, • the intensity of sunlight as a function of the distance, R, from the sun, Isun (R) ? - 3.2×1025 W R² and • the gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−¹¹ m³/(kg · s²). "
Suppose that the mirror described in Part A is initially at rest a distance R away from the sun. What is the critical value of area density for the mirror at which the radiation pressure exactly cancels out the gravitational attraction from the sun? Express your answer numerically, to two significant figures, in units of kilograms per meter squared. ► View Available Hint(s) mass/area = Submit 5 ΑΣΦ ? kg/m²
Transcribed Image Text:Suppose that the mirror described in Part A is initially at rest a distance R away from the sun. What is the critical value of area density for the mirror at which the radiation pressure exactly cancels out the gravitational attraction from the sun? Express your answer numerically, to two significant figures, in units of kilograms per meter squared. ► View Available Hint(s) mass/area = Submit 5 ΑΣΦ ? kg/m²
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