A soil profile is shown in Figure below. Note the zone of capillary in the sand layer overlying clay. In the zone the average degree of saturation and the moisture content are 60% and 17.6kN/m', respectively. Calculate and plot the variation of o, u and o' with depth at points A, B, C and D. Sand 3m y = 16.5kN/m³ B Zone of capillary rise y = 17.6kN/m' S, 60% 1m Sand Ysat = 18.9kN/m² Saturated clay 3m Rock ANSWERS: o' At A =0, at B before capillary =49.5kPa, at B after capillary = 55.4kPa, at C = 67.1kPa , at D=94.4kPa

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Principles of Seepage

In hydrology, when water flows down in a pore or crack of unsaturated soil due to gravity, the deep layer of soil is called seepage. It is the slow movement of water in the soil layer. Seepage is mainly found near hydraulic structures and is responsible for the stability of earthen-type hydraulic structures.