(a) Sn1 1 nucleophilic control Br (b) Sn1-steric control _CH,CH,OH NH₂ TH

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For the reactions below predict the product that will form via the stated mechanism then explain why using the stated effect the reaction will proceed through the supplied mechanism
### SN2 Reaction Mechanism: Steric Control

**Figure (c): SN2 Reaction Mechanism**

- **Structure Description**: 
  - The image depicts a chlorinated cyclopentane derivative, with a chlorine atom (Cl) attached to a carbon that is part of an extended chain from the cyclopentane ring.
  - The molecule structure indicates a primary alkyl halide.

- **Reaction Details**:
  - An arrow points from a thiolate anion (\( \text{S}^- \text{H} \)) towards the carbon atom bonded with chlorine. This represents the nucleophilic attack that characterizes the SN2 reaction mechanism.
  - The arrow signifies the direction of the nucleophilic attack, leading to chlorine displacement.

- **Concept Explanation**:
  - **SN2 Reaction**: This is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction where the nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon from the opposite side, leading to the displacement of the leaving group (Cl in this case).
  - **Steric Control**: The SN2 mechanism is influenced by sterics; less hindered (primary) carbons are preferred for this reaction type, allowing the nucleophile to access the electrophilic center more easily. 

This reaction is an example of how steric factors in SN2 reactions can control the reaction pathway and product formation, highlighting the importance of molecular geometry.
Transcribed Image Text:### SN2 Reaction Mechanism: Steric Control **Figure (c): SN2 Reaction Mechanism** - **Structure Description**: - The image depicts a chlorinated cyclopentane derivative, with a chlorine atom (Cl) attached to a carbon that is part of an extended chain from the cyclopentane ring. - The molecule structure indicates a primary alkyl halide. - **Reaction Details**: - An arrow points from a thiolate anion (\( \text{S}^- \text{H} \)) towards the carbon atom bonded with chlorine. This represents the nucleophilic attack that characterizes the SN2 reaction mechanism. - The arrow signifies the direction of the nucleophilic attack, leading to chlorine displacement. - **Concept Explanation**: - **SN2 Reaction**: This is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction where the nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon from the opposite side, leading to the displacement of the leaving group (Cl in this case). - **Steric Control**: The SN2 mechanism is influenced by sterics; less hindered (primary) carbons are preferred for this reaction type, allowing the nucleophile to access the electrophilic center more easily. This reaction is an example of how steric factors in SN2 reactions can control the reaction pathway and product formation, highlighting the importance of molecular geometry.
### SN1 Reactions: Mechanistic Insights

#### (a) SN1 – Nucleophilic Control

**Reaction Scheme**: A compound with a bromine substituent (Br) is treated with ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH).

**Description**: This part of the image depicts an SN1 reaction mechanism where the emphasis is on the role of the nucleophile. In SN1 reactions, the mechanism involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate, which is then attacked by the nucleophile. The solvent (ethanol in this case) also acts as the nucleophile facilitating the reaction.

#### (b) SN1 – Steric Control

**Reaction Scheme**: A compound with an iodine substituent (I) is reacting with ammonia (NH₃).

**Description**: This section illustrates an SN1 reaction under conditions emphasizing steric control. Steric hindrance affects the reaction by influencing the stability and formation of the carbocation intermediate. The bulky groups present can increase or decrease the rate of reaction by affecting the approach of the nucleophile.

### Explanation of Diagrams

- **Graphs or Diagrams**: The diagrams focus on structural representations of the organic molecules involved, showing how different leaving groups (Br and I) influence the SN1 reaction under varying conditions (solvent and nucleophile presence).

These schematics are used to teach the principles of SN1 reaction mechanisms, where the formation of the carbocation and subsequent nucleophilic attack are central steps. Understanding the roles of nucleophilic and steric controls helps in predicting the course and rate of these reactions.
Transcribed Image Text:### SN1 Reactions: Mechanistic Insights #### (a) SN1 – Nucleophilic Control **Reaction Scheme**: A compound with a bromine substituent (Br) is treated with ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH). **Description**: This part of the image depicts an SN1 reaction mechanism where the emphasis is on the role of the nucleophile. In SN1 reactions, the mechanism involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate, which is then attacked by the nucleophile. The solvent (ethanol in this case) also acts as the nucleophile facilitating the reaction. #### (b) SN1 – Steric Control **Reaction Scheme**: A compound with an iodine substituent (I) is reacting with ammonia (NH₃). **Description**: This section illustrates an SN1 reaction under conditions emphasizing steric control. Steric hindrance affects the reaction by influencing the stability and formation of the carbocation intermediate. The bulky groups present can increase or decrease the rate of reaction by affecting the approach of the nucleophile. ### Explanation of Diagrams - **Graphs or Diagrams**: The diagrams focus on structural representations of the organic molecules involved, showing how different leaving groups (Br and I) influence the SN1 reaction under varying conditions (solvent and nucleophile presence). These schematics are used to teach the principles of SN1 reaction mechanisms, where the formation of the carbocation and subsequent nucleophilic attack are central steps. Understanding the roles of nucleophilic and steric controls helps in predicting the course and rate of these reactions.
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