A single-effect falling-film evaporator is used to concentrate orange juice from 14% to 45% solids. The evaporator utilizes a mechanical refrigeration cycle using ammonia as a refrigerant for heating and for condensing the vapors. The refrige-ration cycle is operated at a high-side pressure of 200 psia (1.379 MPa) and a low-side pressure of 50 psia (344.7 kPa). The evaporator is operated at a vapor temperature of 90oF (32.2oC). Feed enters at 70oF (21.1oC). The ratio of insoluble to soluble solids in the juice is 0.09, and the soluble solids consist of glucose and sucrose in 70:30 ratio. Consider the ΔT as the log mean ΔT between the liquid refrigerant temperature and the feed temperature at one point and the hot refri-gerant gas temperature and the concentrated liquid boiling temperature at the other point. The evaporator has a heat transfer surface area of 100 ft2 (9.29 m2), and an overall heat transfer coefficient of 300 BTU (h.ft2.oF) or 1073 W/(m2.K) may be expected. Calculate: Calculate: The evaporator capacity in weight of feed per hour The tons of refrigeration capacity required for the refrigeration unit based in the heating requirement for the evaporator. The additional cooling required for condensation of vapors if the refrigeration unit is designed to provide all of the heating requirements for evaporation.

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

ChapterMA: Math Assessment

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1MA

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A single-effect falling-film evaporator is used to concentrate orange juice from 14% to 45% solids. The evaporator utilizes a mechanical refrigeration cycle using ammonia as a refrigerant for heating and for condensing the vapors. The refrige-ration cycle is operated at a high-side pressure of 200 psia (1.379 MPa) and a low-side pressure of 50 psia (344.7 kPa). The evaporator is operated at a vapor temperature of 90oF (32.2oC). Feed enters at 70oF (21.1oC). The ratio of insoluble to soluble solids in the juice is 0.09, and the soluble solids consist of glucose and sucrose in 70:30 ratio. Consider the ΔT as the log mean ΔT between the liquid refrigerant temperature and the feed temperature at one point and the hot refri-gerant gas temperature and the concentrated liquid boiling temperature at the other point. The evaporator has a heat transfer surface area of 100 ft2 (9.29 m2), and an overall heat transfer coefficient of 300 BTU (h.ft2.oF) or 1073 W/(m2.K) may be expected. Calculate:

Calculate:

The evaporator capacity in weight of feed per hour
The tons of refrigeration capacity required for the refrigeration unit based in the heating requirement for the evaporator.
The additional cooling required for condensation of vapors if the refrigeration unit is designed to provide all of the heating requirements for evaporation.

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