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A single effect evaporator is to concentrate 6000 kg/h of an 18 % solution of sodium hydroxide to 50 % solids. The gauge pressure of the steam is to be 1 atm; the absolute pressure in the vapour space is to be 100 mmHg. The overall coefficient is estimated to be 1600 W/m²K. The feed temperature is 45 ºC. Please refer to Figures 1 and 2 and Tables 1 and 2. (a) Sketch the process and locate different variables listed above within the evaporator setup. (b) Calculate the following: (i) amount of steam consumed, (ii) the steam economy (iii) the heating surface area required

A single effect evaporator is to concentrate 6000 kg/h of an 18 % solution of sodium hydroxide to 50 % solids. The gauge pressure of the steam is to be 1 atm; the absolute pressure in the vapour space is to be 100 mmHg. The overall coefficient is estimated to be 1600 W/m²K. The feed temperature is 45 ºC. Please refer to Figures 1 and 2 and Tables 1 and 2. (a) Sketch the process and locate different variables listed above within the evaporator setup. (b) Calculate the following: (i) amount of steam consumed, (ii) the steam economy (iii) the heating surface area required

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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A single effect evaporator is to concentrate 6000 kg/h of an 18 % solution of sodium hydroxide to
50 % solids. The gauge pressure of the steam is to be 1 atm; the absolute pressure in the vapour
space is to be 100 mmHg. The overall coefficient is estimated to be 1600 W/m²K. The feed
temperature is 45 ºC. Please refer to Figures 1 and 2 and Tables 1 and 2.
(a) Sketch the process and locate different variables listed above within the evaporator setup.
(b) Calculate the following:
(i) amount of steam consumed,
(ii) the steam economy
(iii) the heating surface area required.

Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Water" Heat of Vapor- ization, Expansion Coeffi- Thermal Specific Volume (m/kg) Specifie Heat Conductivity (W/m K) Surface Tension, a 10 (Nm) (k/kg • K) Viscosity (N sm) Prandti Number Тempera ture, T (K) cient, Temper- ature, T(K) Pressure, P (bar) v- 10 (kke H-10 H,'10 ky- 10 , 10 Pr, Pr, 273.15 0.00611 1.000 206.3 8.02 18.2 75.5 2502 2497 4.217 1.854 4.211 1.855 1750 569 12.99 0.815 -68.05 273.15 275 0.00697 1.000 181.7 1652 8.09 574 18.3 12.22 0.817 75.3 -32.74 275 0.00990 0.01387 582 590 280 1.000 130.4 1422 8.29 18.6 10.26 0.825 0.833 8.81 2485 4.198 1.858 74.8 46.04 280 285 1.000 99.4 2473 4.189 1.861 1225 8,49 18.9 74.3 114.1 285 290 0.01917 1.001 69.7 2461 4.184 1.864 1080 8.69 598 19.3 7.56 0.841 73.7 174.0 290 0.02617 1.002 4.181 227.5 276.1 295 51.94 2449 1.868 959 8.89 606 19.5 6.62 0.849 72.7 295 19.6 20.1 300 0.03531 1.003 39.13 2438 4.179 1.872 855 9.09 613 620 5.83 0.857 71.7 300 305 310 29.74 22.93 2426 4.178 4.178 1.882 0.04712 1.005 1.877 769 9.29 5.20 0.865 70.9 320.6 305 0.06221 1.007 0.873 361.9 2414 2402 695 9.49 628 20.4 4.62 70.0 310 315 315 0.08132 1.009 17.82 4.179 1.888 631 9.69 634 20.7 4.16 0.883 69.2 400.4 320 325 0.1053 1.011 13.98 2390 4.180 1.895 57 9.89 640 21.0 3.77 0.894 68.3 436.7 320 0.1351 1.013 11.06 2378 4.182 1.903 528 10.09 645 21.3 3.42 0.901 67.5 471.2 325 330 0.1719 1.016 8.82 2366 4.184 1.911 489 10.29 650 21.7 3.15 0.908 66.6 504.0 330 335 0.2167 1.018 7.09 2354 4.186 1.920 453 10.49 656 22.0 2.88 0.916 65.8 535.5 335 340 0.2713 1.021 5.74 2342 4.188 1.930 420 10.69 660 22.3 2.66 0.925 64.9 566.0 340 345 0.3372 1.024 4.683 2329 4.191 1.941 389 10.89 664 22.6 2.45 0.933 64.1 595.4 345 350 0.4163 0.5100 1.027 2317 4.195 1.954 365 343 3.846 11.09 668 23.0 2.29 0.942 63.2 624.2 350 355 1.030 3.180 2304 4.199 1.968 11.29 671 23.3 2.14 0.951 62.3 652.3 355 360 365 0.6209 1.034 2.645 2291 4.203 1.983 324 11.49 674 23.7 2.02 0.960 61.4 697.9 360 0.7514 1.038 2.212 2278 4.209 1.999 306 11.69 677 24.1 1.91 0.969 60.5 707.1 365 1.041 1.861 4.214 4.217 370 0.9040 2265 2.017 289 11.89 679 24.5 1.80 0.978 59.5 728.7 370 373.15 1.0133 1.044 1.679 2257 2.029 279 12.02 680 24.8 1.76 0.984 58.9 750.1 373.15 375 1.0815 1.045 1.574 2252 2239 4.220 2.036 4.226 2.057 274 12.09 12.29 681 24.9 1.70 0.987 58.6 761 375 1.2869 1.5233 1.337 S7.6 0.999 L004 380 1.049 260 683 25.4 1.61 788 380 385 1.053 1.142 2225 4.232 2.080 248 12.49 685 25.8 1.53 56.6 814 385 390 1.794 1.058 0.980 0,731 2212 4.239 2.104 237 12.69 686 26.3 1.47 1.013 55.6 841 390 400 2.455 1.067 2183 1.34 4.256 2.158 4.278 2.221 217 13.05 688 27.2 1.033 53.6 896 400 410 3.302 1.077 0.553 13.42 2153 2123 200 688 28.2 1.24 1.054 51.5 952 410 420 4.370 1.088 0.425 4.302 2.291 185 13.79 688 29.8 1.16 1.075 49.4 1010 420 430 5.699 1.099 0.331 2091 4.331 2.369 173 14.14 685 30.4 1.09 L.10 47.2 430 Table 1: Thermo-physical Properties of Saturated Water
Transcribed Image Text:Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Water" Heat of Vapor- ization, Expansion Coeffi- Thermal Specific Volume (m/kg) Specifie Heat Conductivity (W/m K) Surface Tension, a 10 (Nm) (k/kg • K) Viscosity (N sm) Prandti Number Тempera ture, T (K) cient, Temper- ature, T(K) Pressure, P (bar) v- 10 (kke H-10 H,'10 ky- 10 , 10 Pr, Pr, 273.15 0.00611 1.000 206.3 8.02 18.2 75.5 2502 2497 4.217 1.854 4.211 1.855 1750 569 12.99 0.815 -68.05 273.15 275 0.00697 1.000 181.7 1652 8.09 574 18.3 12.22 0.817 75.3 -32.74 275 0.00990 0.01387 582 590 280 1.000 130.4 1422 8.29 18.6 10.26 0.825 0.833 8.81 2485 4.198 1.858 74.8 46.04 280 285 1.000 99.4 2473 4.189 1.861 1225 8,49 18.9 74.3 114.1 285 290 0.01917 1.001 69.7 2461 4.184 1.864 1080 8.69 598 19.3 7.56 0.841 73.7 174.0 290 0.02617 1.002 4.181 227.5 276.1 295 51.94 2449 1.868 959 8.89 606 19.5 6.62 0.849 72.7 295 19.6 20.1 300 0.03531 1.003 39.13 2438 4.179 1.872 855 9.09 613 620 5.83 0.857 71.7 300 305 310 29.74 22.93 2426 4.178 4.178 1.882 0.04712 1.005 1.877 769 9.29 5.20 0.865 70.9 320.6 305 0.06221 1.007 0.873 361.9 2414 2402 695 9.49 628 20.4 4.62 70.0 310 315 315 0.08132 1.009 17.82 4.179 1.888 631 9.69 634 20.7 4.16 0.883 69.2 400.4 320 325 0.1053 1.011 13.98 2390 4.180 1.895 57 9.89 640 21.0 3.77 0.894 68.3 436.7 320 0.1351 1.013 11.06 2378 4.182 1.903 528 10.09 645 21.3 3.42 0.901 67.5 471.2 325 330 0.1719 1.016 8.82 2366 4.184 1.911 489 10.29 650 21.7 3.15 0.908 66.6 504.0 330 335 0.2167 1.018 7.09 2354 4.186 1.920 453 10.49 656 22.0 2.88 0.916 65.8 535.5 335 340 0.2713 1.021 5.74 2342 4.188 1.930 420 10.69 660 22.3 2.66 0.925 64.9 566.0 340 345 0.3372 1.024 4.683 2329 4.191 1.941 389 10.89 664 22.6 2.45 0.933 64.1 595.4 345 350 0.4163 0.5100 1.027 2317 4.195 1.954 365 343 3.846 11.09 668 23.0 2.29 0.942 63.2 624.2 350 355 1.030 3.180 2304 4.199 1.968 11.29 671 23.3 2.14 0.951 62.3 652.3 355 360 365 0.6209 1.034 2.645 2291 4.203 1.983 324 11.49 674 23.7 2.02 0.960 61.4 697.9 360 0.7514 1.038 2.212 2278 4.209 1.999 306 11.69 677 24.1 1.91 0.969 60.5 707.1 365 1.041 1.861 4.214 4.217 370 0.9040 2265 2.017 289 11.89 679 24.5 1.80 0.978 59.5 728.7 370 373.15 1.0133 1.044 1.679 2257 2.029 279 12.02 680 24.8 1.76 0.984 58.9 750.1 373.15 375 1.0815 1.045 1.574 2252 2239 4.220 2.036 4.226 2.057 274 12.09 12.29 681 24.9 1.70 0.987 58.6 761 375 1.2869 1.5233 1.337 S7.6 0.999 L004 380 1.049 260 683 25.4 1.61 788 380 385 1.053 1.142 2225 4.232 2.080 248 12.49 685 25.8 1.53 56.6 814 385 390 1.794 1.058 0.980 0,731 2212 4.239 2.104 237 12.69 686 26.3 1.47 1.013 55.6 841 390 400 2.455 1.067 2183 1.34 4.256 2.158 4.278 2.221 217 13.05 688 27.2 1.033 53.6 896 400 410 3.302 1.077 0.553 13.42 2153 2123 200 688 28.2 1.24 1.054 51.5 952 410 420 4.370 1.088 0.425 4.302 2.291 185 13.79 688 29.8 1.16 1.075 49.4 1010 420 430 5.699 1.099 0.331 2091 4.331 2.369 173 14.14 685 30.4 1.09 L.10 47.2 430 Table 1: Thermo-physical Properties of Saturated Water
Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Water" Heat of Vapor- ization, Expansion Coeffi- Thermal Specific Volume (m/kg) Specifie Heat Conductivity (W/m K) Surface Tension, a 10 (Nm) (k/kg • K) Viscosity (N sm) Prandti Number Тempera ture, T (K) cient, Temper- ature, T(K) Pressure, P (bar) v- 10 (kke H-10 H,'10 ky- 10 , 10 Pr, Pr, 273.15 0.00611 1.000 206.3 8.02 18.2 75.5 2502 2497 4.217 1.854 4.211 1.855 1750 569 12.99 0.815 -68.05 273.15 275 0.00697 1.000 181.7 1652 8.09 574 18.3 12.22 0.817 75.3 -32.74 275 0.00990 0.01387 582 590 280 1.000 130.4 1422 8.29 18.6 10.26 0.825 0.833 8.81 2485 4.198 1.858 74.8 46.04 280 285 1.000 99.4 2473 4.189 1.861 1225 8,49 18.9 74.3 114.1 285 290 0.01917 1.001 69.7 2461 4.184 1.864 1080 8.69 598 19.3 7.56 0.841 73.7 174.0 290 0.02617 1.002 4.181 227.5 276.1 295 51.94 2449 1.868 959 8.89 606 19.5 6.62 0.849 72.7 295 19.6 20.1 300 0.03531 1.003 39.13 2438 4.179 1.872 855 9.09 613 620 5.83 0.857 71.7 300 305 310 29.74 22.93 2426 4.178 4.178 1.882 0.04712 1.005 1.877 769 9.29 5.20 0.865 70.9 320.6 305 0.06221 1.007 0.873 361.9 2414 2402 695 9.49 628 20.4 4.62 70.0 310 315 315 0.08132 1.009 17.82 4.179 1.888 631 9.69 634 20.7 4.16 0.883 69.2 400.4 320 325 0.1053 1.011 13.98 2390 4.180 1.895 57 9.89 640 21.0 3.77 0.894 68.3 436.7 320 0.1351 1.013 11.06 2378 4.182 1.903 528 10.09 645 21.3 3.42 0.901 67.5 471.2 325 330 0.1719 1.016 8.82 2366 4.184 1.911 489 10.29 650 21.7 3.15 0.908 66.6 504.0 330 335 0.2167 1.018 7.09 2354 4.186 1.920 453 10.49 656 22.0 2.88 0.916 65.8 535.5 335 340 0.2713 1.021 5.74 2342 4.188 1.930 420 10.69 660 22.3 2.66 0.925 64.9 566.0 340 345 0.3372 1.024 4.683 2329 4.191 1.941 389 10.89 664 22.6 2.45 0.933 64.1 595.4 345 350 0.4163 0.5100 1.027 2317 4.195 1.954 365 343 3.846 11.09 668 23.0 2.29 0.942 63.2 624.2 350 355 1.030 3.180 2304 4.199 1.968 11.29 671 23.3 2.14 0.951 62.3 652.3 355 360 365 0.6209 1.034 2.645 2291 4.203 1.983 324 11.49 674 23.7 2.02 0.960 61.4 697.9 360 0.7514 1.038 2.212 2278 4.209 1.999 306 11.69 677 24.1 1.91 0.969 60.5 707.1 365 1.041 1.861 4.214 4.217 370 0.9040 2265 2.017 289 11.89 679 24.5 1.80 0.978 59.5 728.7 370 373.15 1.0133 1.044 1.679 2257 2.029 279 12.02 680 24.8 1.76 0.984 58.9 750.1 373.15 375 1.0815 1.045 1.574 2252 2239 4.220 2.036 4.226 2.057 274 12.09 12.29 681 24.9 1.70 0.987 58.6 761 375 1.2869 1.5233 1.337 S7.6 0.999 L004 380 1.049 260 683 25.4 1.61 788 380 385 1.053 1.142 2225 4.232 2.080 248 12.49 685 25.8 1.53 56.6 814 385 390 1.794 1.058 0.980 0,731 2212 4.239 2.104 237 12.69 686 26.3 1.47 1.013 55.6 841 390 400 2.455 1.067 2183 1.34 4.256 2.158 4.278 2.221 217 13.05 688 27.2 1.033 53.6 896 400 410 3.302 1.077 0.553 13.42 2153 2123 200 688 28.2 1.24 1.054 51.5 952 410 420 4.370 1.088 0.425 4.302 2.291 185 13.79 688 29.8 1.16 1.075 49.4 1010 420 430 5.699 1.099 0.331 2091 4.331 2.369 173 14.14 685 30.4 1.09 L.10 47.2 430 Table 1: Thermo-physical Properties of Saturated Water
Transcribed Image Text:Thermophysical Properties of Saturated Water" Heat of Vapor- ization, Expansion Coeffi- Thermal Specific Volume (m/kg) Specifie Heat Conductivity (W/m K) Surface Tension, a 10 (Nm) (k/kg • K) Viscosity (N sm) Prandti Number Тempera ture, T (K) cient, Temper- ature, T(K) Pressure, P (bar) v- 10 (kke H-10 H,'10 ky- 10 , 10 Pr, Pr, 273.15 0.00611 1.000 206.3 8.02 18.2 75.5 2502 2497 4.217 1.854 4.211 1.855 1750 569 12.99 0.815 -68.05 273.15 275 0.00697 1.000 181.7 1652 8.09 574 18.3 12.22 0.817 75.3 -32.74 275 0.00990 0.01387 582 590 280 1.000 130.4 1422 8.29 18.6 10.26 0.825 0.833 8.81 2485 4.198 1.858 74.8 46.04 280 285 1.000 99.4 2473 4.189 1.861 1225 8,49 18.9 74.3 114.1 285 290 0.01917 1.001 69.7 2461 4.184 1.864 1080 8.69 598 19.3 7.56 0.841 73.7 174.0 290 0.02617 1.002 4.181 227.5 276.1 295 51.94 2449 1.868 959 8.89 606 19.5 6.62 0.849 72.7 295 19.6 20.1 300 0.03531 1.003 39.13 2438 4.179 1.872 855 9.09 613 620 5.83 0.857 71.7 300 305 310 29.74 22.93 2426 4.178 4.178 1.882 0.04712 1.005 1.877 769 9.29 5.20 0.865 70.9 320.6 305 0.06221 1.007 0.873 361.9 2414 2402 695 9.49 628 20.4 4.62 70.0 310 315 315 0.08132 1.009 17.82 4.179 1.888 631 9.69 634 20.7 4.16 0.883 69.2 400.4 320 325 0.1053 1.011 13.98 2390 4.180 1.895 57 9.89 640 21.0 3.77 0.894 68.3 436.7 320 0.1351 1.013 11.06 2378 4.182 1.903 528 10.09 645 21.3 3.42 0.901 67.5 471.2 325 330 0.1719 1.016 8.82 2366 4.184 1.911 489 10.29 650 21.7 3.15 0.908 66.6 504.0 330 335 0.2167 1.018 7.09 2354 4.186 1.920 453 10.49 656 22.0 2.88 0.916 65.8 535.5 335 340 0.2713 1.021 5.74 2342 4.188 1.930 420 10.69 660 22.3 2.66 0.925 64.9 566.0 340 345 0.3372 1.024 4.683 2329 4.191 1.941 389 10.89 664 22.6 2.45 0.933 64.1 595.4 345 350 0.4163 0.5100 1.027 2317 4.195 1.954 365 343 3.846 11.09 668 23.0 2.29 0.942 63.2 624.2 350 355 1.030 3.180 2304 4.199 1.968 11.29 671 23.3 2.14 0.951 62.3 652.3 355 360 365 0.6209 1.034 2.645 2291 4.203 1.983 324 11.49 674 23.7 2.02 0.960 61.4 697.9 360 0.7514 1.038 2.212 2278 4.209 1.999 306 11.69 677 24.1 1.91 0.969 60.5 707.1 365 1.041 1.861 4.214 4.217 370 0.9040 2265 2.017 289 11.89 679 24.5 1.80 0.978 59.5 728.7 370 373.15 1.0133 1.044 1.679 2257 2.029 279 12.02 680 24.8 1.76 0.984 58.9 750.1 373.15 375 1.0815 1.045 1.574 2252 2239 4.220 2.036 4.226 2.057 274 12.09 12.29 681 24.9 1.70 0.987 58.6 761 375 1.2869 1.5233 1.337 S7.6 0.999 L004 380 1.049 260 683 25.4 1.61 788 380 385 1.053 1.142 2225 4.232 2.080 248 12.49 685 25.8 1.53 56.6 814 385 390 1.794 1.058 0.980 0,731 2212 4.239 2.104 237 12.69 686 26.3 1.47 1.013 55.6 841 390 400 2.455 1.067 2183 1.34 4.256 2.158 4.278 2.221 217 13.05 688 27.2 1.033 53.6 896 400 410 3.302 1.077 0.553 13.42 2153 2123 200 688 28.2 1.24 1.054 51.5 952 410 420 4.370 1.088 0.425 4.302 2.291 185 13.79 688 29.8 1.16 1.075 49.4 1010 420 430 5.699 1.099 0.331 2091 4.331 2.369 173 14.14 685 30.4 1.09 L.10 47.2 430 Table 1: Thermo-physical Properties of Saturated Water
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