A simple pendulum with a length of 2.63 m and a mass of 6.59 kg is given an initial speed of 1.96 m/s at its equilibrium position. (a) Assuming it undergoes simple harmonic motion, determine its period (in s). (b) Determine its total energy (in J). (c) Determine its maximum angular displacement (in degrees). (For large v, and/or small /, the small angle approximation may not be good enough here.) (d) What If? Based on your answer to part (c), by what factor would the total energy of the pendulum have to be reduced for its motion to be described as simple harmonic motion using the small angle approximation where 0 < 10°?
Simple harmonic motion
Simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion in which an object undergoes oscillatory motion. The restoring force exerted by the object exhibiting SHM is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position. The force is directed towards the mean position. We see many examples of SHM around us, common ones are the motion of a pendulum, spring and vibration of strings in musical instruments, and so on.
Simple Pendulum
A simple pendulum comprises a heavy mass (called bob) attached to one end of the weightless and flexible string.
Oscillation
In Physics, oscillation means a repetitive motion that happens in a variation with respect to time. There is usually a central value, where the object would be at rest. Additionally, there are two or more positions between which the repetitive motion takes place. In mathematics, oscillations can also be described as vibrations. The most common examples of oscillation that is seen in daily lives include the alternating current (AC) or the motion of a moving pendulum.
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