(a) Show that the circular uncertainty principle can be written as ALAO> h/2, where AL is the uncertainty in angular momentum and AO is the uncertainty in angle. (b) How well can the angular position of the electron be specified in the Bohr atom?
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- (a) How much energy is required to cause an electron in hydrogen to move from the n = 2 state to the n = 5 state? in J(b) Suppose the atom gains this energy through collisions among hydrogen atoms at a high temperature. At what temperature would the average atomic kinetic energy 3/2 * kBT be great enough to excite the electron? Here kB is Boltzmann's constant. in K(a) Make a chart showing all possible sets of quantum numbers l and ml for the states of the electron in the hydrogen atom when n = 4. How many combinations are there? (b) What are the energies of these states?We are going to use Heisenberg's uncertainty principle to estimate the ground- state energy of hydrogen. In our model, the electron is confined in a one- dimensional well with a length about the size of hydrogen, so that Ax = 0.0529 nm. Estimate Ap, and then assume that the ground-state energy is roughly Ap2/2me. (Give your answer in Joules or electron-volts.)
- Calculate the wavelength associated with an electron with energy of 1.0 eV if the electron is inside a GaAs crystal. (The mass of an electron in GaAs is 0.067 X 9.11 X 10-31 Kg)An electron is in a 3p state in the hydrogen atom, given that the expectation value is 12.5a_0 What is the probability of finding the electron within +/- a_0 of your expectation value. (That is, in the range (r − a_0) < r < (r+a_0) where r is the expectation value from above. The answer should be 0.1991.Find the ranges of wavelengths of the Lyman series (=R (-), 2,3,4, ....) and of the Balmer series (=R (-), n = 3,4,5, ....) in the n = emission spectrum of a 1 hydrogen atom. Do these ranges overlap?
- (1) Find the average orbital radius for the electron in the 3p state of hydrogen. Compare your answer with the radius of the Bohr orbit for n=3. (2) What is the probability that this electron is outside the radius given by the Bohr model?What is the (a) energy in eV and (b) wavelength in um of a photon that, when absorbed by a hydrogen atom, could cause a transition from the n = 3 to then= 6 energy level?(4) Electronic energy level of a hydrogen atom is given by R ; п %3D 1,2, 3,... n2 E = - and R = 13.6 eV. Each energy level has degeneracy 2n2 (degeneracy is the number of equivalent configurations associated with the energy level). (a) Derive the partition function for a hydrogen atom at a constant temperature. (b) Consider that the energy level of a hydrogen atom is approximated by a two level system, n = 1,2. Estimate the mean energy at 300 K.