A series levelling had been down along the centre line of the proposed road the distance between each two points (100m). If the elevation of the points A, E and H after completing the project should be 31m, 30m, and 31.5m respectively and these three points

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A: Given:Station PC is at 20+30.00Station PT  is at 24+00.00Super elevation = 210 ft

Errors in surveying

An error in surveying is defined as the difference between two or more values of an identical quantity. However, the estimates are never accurate and there will always be a degree of variability regardless of the research tool or method used. These differences are known as errors that need to be reduced or eliminated to maintain certain levels of accuracy. Even if you carefully follow the prescribed test procedures, the considerations may contain errors.