A scientist is investigating the possibility that two traits in a particular plant are determined by genes that are on the same chromosome. The scientist crossed a plant that is homozygous dominant for both traits with a plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits. The heterozygous offspring in the F1 generation were then crossed with a plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits. The results expected if the genes independently assort and the observed results are presented in the table. Which of the following critical values should the scientist use for the chi-square analysis of the data?
A scientist is investigating the possibility that two traits in a particular plant are determined by genes that are on the same chromosome. The scientist crossed a plant that is homozygous dominant for both traits with a plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits. The heterozygous offspring in the F1 generation were then crossed with a plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits. The results expected if the genes independently assort and the observed results are presented in the table. Which of the following critical values should the scientist use for the chi-square analysis of the data?
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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A scientist is investigating the possibility that two traits in a particular plant are determined by genes that are on the same chromosome. The scientist crossed a plant that is homozygous dominant for both traits with a plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits. The heterozygous offspring in the F1 generation were then crossed with a plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits. The results expected if the genes independently assort and the observed results are presented in the table.
Which of the following critical values should the scientist use for the chi-square analysis of the data?
a.7.81
b.3.00
c.3.84
d.8.00
Transcribed Image Text:### Phenotypic Distribution in F₃ Generation
This table represents the expected and observed numbers of different phenotypes in the F₃ generation of plants. The table contrasts four phenotypes based on stem length and flower color: long stems with white flowers, short stems with red flowers, long stems with red flowers, and short stems with white flowers.
| Phenotype | Expected Number in F₃ | Observed Number in F₃ |
|-------------------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|
| Long stems, white flowers | 25 | 17 |
| Short stems, red flowers | 25 | 19 |
| Long stems, red flowers | 25 | 31 |
| Short stems, white flowers | 25 | 33 |
| **Total number of plants** | **100** | **100** |
- **Phenotype**: Characteristics of the plants distinguished by stem length and flower color.
- **Expected Number in F₃**: Hypothetical number of plants with a specific phenotype predicted by Mendelian ratios.
- **Observed Number in F₃**: Actual count of plants observed with the specific phenotype.
#### Analysis:
1. **Long stems, white flowers**: Predicted 25, observed 17.
2. **Short stems, red flowers**: Predicted 25, observed 19.
3. **Long stems, red flowers**: Predicted 25, observed 31.
4. **Short stems, white flowers**: Predicted 25, observed 33.
The total number of plants for both expected and observed values is 100, ensuring consistency in sample size.
### Interpretation
By examining the differences between the expected and observed numbers, students can explore concepts such as genetic variance from expected Mendelian ratios, potential factors affecting gene expression, and the role of environment or mutation in phenotypic distribution. This table serves as a practical example for teaching classical genetics and inheritance patterns.
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