A satellite of mass m is in an elliptical orbit around the Earth, which has mass ME and radius RE. The orbital radius varies from the smallest value rA at point A to the largest value rB at point B. The satellite has a velocity vA at point A. Assume that the gravitational potential energy Ug = 0 when the satellite is at an infinite distance from the Earth. Present all the answers in terms of G, m, ME, RE, rA, rB, and vA. Derive an expression for the gravitational potential energy of the satellite as a function of distance r from the center of the Earth by using an appropriate definite integral. Determine the total mechanical energy of the satellite when it is at point A. Determine the angular momentum of the satellite with respect to the center of the Earth when it is at point A. Determine the velocity of the satellite when it is at point B.

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Central Force

Central force is the force that acts along the center of mass of one body to the center of mass of another body. Its direction from or away from a point on a body to another is called the center of the force. Such forces include gravitational force between two massive objects or electrostatic forces between two charged particles. So from atoms to planets, the central forces play an important role in shaping our daily lives. One of the remarkable features of central forces is that they are conservative, i.e. the total energy of a central force system can always be expressed as a gradient of a potential energy function.