A sample of water has the following concentration of ions (and the pH is near neutral): Cations Ca²+ Mg²+ Na+ mg/L 95.0 26.0 15.0 Anions HCO3 SO²- CIT (a) What is the total hardness (TH)? b) What is the carbonate hardness (CH)? c) What is the noncarbonate hardness (NCH)? d) What is the alkalinity? e) What is the total dissolved solids concentration? Draw an ion concentration bar graph mg/L 160.0 135.0 73.0

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Solutions

Solutions can be considered as homogeneous mixtures which contain two or more than two chemical substances. The chemical substance which is the greater part is defined as solvent. And the chemical substance that is dissolved in a solvent is referred to as solute. Solution chemistry plays an important role in chemistry since it supports many commercial applications of solutions.