A researcher wonders how well the sense of smell functions during sleep. In general, we know that our sensory systems operate at a higher threshold during sleep. That is, a more intense stimulus is required to elicit a response during sleep than during wakefulness. Furthermore, we are less responsive during some stages of sleep than during others. Experiments using sounds suggest that we are less responsive during stages 3 and 4 sleep (deep sleep) than during stages 1, 2, or REM sleep (lighter sleep). Thus, the 4-16 researcher predicts that research participants will be less responsive to odors during stages 3 and 4 sleep than during the other stages of sleep. The researcher devises a system for delivering odors while college students sleep in the laboratory. Peppermint fragrance is delivered at specific times through a modified oxygen mask that the students wear while they sleep. Electrodes are attached to each student's scalp, face, and chin to determine sleep staging. Electrodes are also attached to each student's chest to record heart rate. A change in heart rate following presentation of the odor is used to indicate that the participant detected the odor. From the passage above, state; 1. What is the research hypothesis? 2. What is the independent variable? 3. What is the dependent variable? 4. Is the independent variable a qualitative variable or c quantitative variable? Explain. 5. Why might the researchers want to use multiple deper variables? 6. Describe one limitation of this study.
A researcher wonders how well the sense of smell functions during sleep. In general, we know that our sensory systems operate at a higher threshold during sleep. That is, a more intense stimulus is required to elicit a response during sleep than during wakefulness. Furthermore, we are less responsive during some stages of sleep than during others. Experiments using sounds suggest that we are less responsive during stages 3 and 4 sleep (deep sleep) than during stages 1, 2, or REM sleep (lighter sleep). Thus, the 4-16 researcher predicts that research participants will be less responsive to odors during stages 3 and 4 sleep than during the other stages of sleep. The researcher devises a system for delivering odors while college students sleep in the laboratory. Peppermint fragrance is delivered at specific times through a modified oxygen mask that the students wear while they sleep. Electrodes are attached to each student's scalp, face, and chin to determine sleep staging. Electrodes are also attached to each student's chest to record heart rate. A change in heart rate following presentation of the odor is used to indicate that the participant detected the odor. From the passage above, state; 1. What is the research hypothesis? 2. What is the independent variable? 3. What is the dependent variable? 4. Is the independent variable a qualitative variable or c quantitative variable? Explain. 5. Why might the researchers want to use multiple deper variables? 6. Describe one limitation of this study.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Transcribed Image Text:A researcher wonders how well the sense of smell functions during sleep. In general, we
know that our sensory systems operate at a higher threshold during sleep. That is, a
more intense stimulus is required to elicit a response during sleep than during
wakefulness. Furthermore, we are less responsive during some stages of sleep than
during others. Experiments using sounds suggest that we are less responsive during
stages 3 and 4 sleep (deep sleep) than during stages 1, 2, or REM sleep (lighter sleep).
Thus, the 4-16 researcher predicts that research participants will be less responsive to
odors during stages 3 and 4 sleep than during the other stages of sleep.
The researcher devises a system for delivering odors while college students sleep in the
laboratory. Peppermint fragrance is delivered at specific times through a modified
oxygen mask that the students wear while they sleep. Electrodes are attached to each
student's scalp, face, and chin to determine sleep staging. Electrodes are also attached
to each student's chest to record heart rate. A change in heart rate following
presentation of the odor is used to indicate that the participant detected the odor.
From the passage above, state;
1. What is the research hypothesis?
2. What is the independent variable?
3. What is the dependent variable?
4. Is the independent variable a qualitative variable or c quantitative variable? Explain.
5. Why might the researchers want to use multiple deper variables?
6. Describe one limitation of this study.
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