A researcher studied 6 independently assorting genes in a plant. Each gene has a dominant and a recessive allele: R  black stem, r red stem;  D tall plant, d dwarf plant; C full pods, c constricted pods; O round fruit,  o oval fruit; H hairless leaves, h hairy leaves; W purple flower, w white flower. From the cross Rr Dd Cc Oo Hh Ww   (male)  x  Rr dd  Cc  oo  Hh  ww (female): How many different kinds of gametes can be formed from both parents? What is the frequency of obtaining a sperm cell with at 3 dominant and 3 recessive alleles? How many phenotypes are possible among the progeny? How many genotypes? What is probability of obtaining a black, dwarf, constricted, oval, hairy, purple phenotype in the progeny? What is probability of obtaining progeny with exactly same genotype as the female parent? As the male parent? If both parents were heterozygous for all genes, what is the probability of obtaining progeny with at least 2 recessive traits? From the cross in (f), will there be more progeny that are phenotypically dominant for all traits than progeny which are phenotypically recessive for one or more of the traits?

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Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics

Inheritance means the passing of traits to offspring from parents. These traits could be passed either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. The offspring receives the genetic material from the parents. Mendelian inheritance is a certain biological inheritance that follows the rules and principles laid down by Gregor Mendel in 1865. The initial hypothesis was considered wrong, but other inheritance theories modified the concept of inheritance and thus genetics.