A researcher is interested in the relationship between birth order and personality. A sample of n = 100 participants is obtained, all of whom grew up in families as one of three children. Each participant is given a personality test, and the researcher also records the person’s birth-order position (1st, 2nd, or 3rd born). The frequencies from this research study are shown in the following table. Calculate Cramér’s V as a measure of effect size. ​                  Birth Position                      1st   2nd   3rd ​ Outgoing ​ 13 ​ 31 ​ 16 ​ Reserved ​ 17 ​ 19 ​ 4

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A researcher is interested in the relationship between birth order and personality. A sample of n = 100 participants is obtained, all of whom grew up in families as one of three children. Each participant is given a personality test, and the researcher also records the person’s birth-order position (1st, 2nd, or 3rd born). The frequencies from this research study are shown in the following table.

Calculate Cramér’s V as a measure of effect size.

                 Birth Position

                     1st   2nd   3rd

Outgoing

13

31

16

Reserved

17

19

4

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