A researcher is interested in the relationship between birth order and personality. A sample of n = 100 people is obtained, all of whom grew up in families as one of three children. Each person is given a personality test, and the researcher also records the person’s birth-order position (1st born, 2nd, or 3rd). The frequencies from this study are shown in the following table. On the basis of these data, can the researcher conclude that there is a significant relation between birth order and personality? Test at the .05 level of significance.   Birth Position     1st 2nd 3rd Outgoing 13 31 16 Reserved 17 19 4     Group of answer choices The null hypothesis states:             [ Choose ]             18             7.24             2             False             12             8             5.99             30             True             3             12.84             20             4             10.60             8.51             7.81             There is no relationship between birth order and personality.             There is a relationship between birth order and personality.             6.89            The research hypothesis states:             [ Choose ]             18             7.24             2             False             12             8             5.99             30             True             3             12.84             20             4             10.60             8.51             7.81             There is no relationship between birth order and personality.             There is a relationship between birth order and personality.             6.89            The df is:             [ Choose ]             18             7.24             2             False             12             8             5.99             30             True             3             12.84             20             4             10.60             8.51             7.81             There is no relationship between birth order and personality.             There is a relationship between birth order and personality.             6.89            The critical value is:             [ Choose ]             18             7.24             2             False             12             8             5.99             30             True             3             12.84             20             4             10.60             8.51             7.81             There is no relationship between birth order and personality.             There is a relationship between birth order and personality.             6.89            Our calculated chi-square is:             [ Choose ]             18             7.24             2             False             12             8             5.99             30             True             3             12.84             20             4             10.60             8.51             7.81             There is no relationship between birth order and personality.             There is a relationship between birth order and personality.             6.89            Therefore we reject the null hypothesis (true or false)             [ Choose ]             18             7.24             2             False             12             8             5.99             30             True             3             12.84             20             4             10.60             8.51             7.81             There is no relationship between birth order and personality.             There is a relationship between birth order and personality.             6.89            The expected frequencies for Outgoing, Birth Position 1st is:             [ Choose ]             18             7.24             2             False             12             8             5.99             30             True             3             12.84             20             4             10.60             8.51             7.81             There is no relationship between birth order and personality.             There is a relationship between birth order and personality.             6.89            The expected frequencies for Outgoing, Birth Position 3rd s:             [ Choose ]             18             7.24             2             False             12             8             5.99             30             True             3             12.84             20             4             10.60             8.51             7.81             There is no relationship between birth order and personality.             There is a relationship between birth order and personality.             6.89            The expected frequencies Reserved, Birth Position 2nd is:             [ Choose ]             18             7.24             2             False             12             8             5.99             30             True             3             12.84             20             4             10.60             8.51             7.81             There is no relationship between birth order and personality.             There is a relationship between birth order and personality.             6.89            The expected frequencies Reserved, Birth Position 3rd is:

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A researcher is interested in the relationship between birth order and personality. A sample of n = 100 people is obtained, all of whom grew up in families as one of three children. Each person is given a personality test, and the researcher also records the person’s birth-order position (1st born, 2nd, or 3rd). The frequencies from this study are shown in the following table. On the basis of these data, can the researcher conclude that there is a significant relation between birth order and personality? Test at the .05 level of significance.

 

Birth

Position

 

 

1st

2nd

3rd

Outgoing

13

31

16

Reserved

17

19

4

   

Group of answer choices

The null hypothesis states:

 

          [ Choose ]

            18

            7.24

            2

            False

            12

            8

            5.99

            30

            True

            3

            12.84

            20

            4

            10.60

            8.51

            7.81

            There is no relationship between birth order and personality.

            There is a relationship between birth order and personality.

            6.89

        

 

The research hypothesis states:

 

          [ Choose ]

            18

            7.24

            2

            False

            12

            8

            5.99

            30

            True

            3

            12.84

            20

            4

            10.60

            8.51

            7.81

            There is no relationship between birth order and personality.

            There is a relationship between birth order and personality.

            6.89

        

 

The df is:

 

          [ Choose ]

            18

            7.24

            2

            False

            12

            8

            5.99

            30

            True

            3

            12.84

            20

            4

            10.60

            8.51

            7.81

            There is no relationship between birth order and personality.

            There is a relationship between birth order and personality.

            6.89

        

 

The critical value is:

 

          [ Choose ]

            18

            7.24

            2

            False

            12

            8

            5.99

            30

            True

            3

            12.84

            20

            4

            10.60

            8.51

            7.81

            There is no relationship between birth order and personality.

            There is a relationship between birth order and personality.

            6.89

        

 

Our calculated chi-square is:

 

          [ Choose ]

            18

            7.24

            2

            False

            12

            8

            5.99

            30

            True

            3

            12.84

            20

            4

            10.60

            8.51

            7.81

            There is no relationship between birth order and personality.

            There is a relationship between birth order and personality.

            6.89

        

 

Therefore we reject the null hypothesis (true or false)

 

          [ Choose ]

            18

            7.24

            2

            False

            12

            8

            5.99

            30

            True

            3

            12.84

            20

            4

            10.60

            8.51

            7.81

            There is no relationship between birth order and personality.

            There is a relationship between birth order and personality.

            6.89

        

 

The expected frequencies for Outgoing, Birth Position 1st is:

 

          [ Choose ]

            18

            7.24

            2

            False

            12

            8

            5.99

            30

            True

            3

            12.84

            20

            4

            10.60

            8.51

            7.81

            There is no relationship between birth order and personality.

            There is a relationship between birth order and personality.

            6.89

        

 

The expected frequencies for Outgoing, Birth Position 3rd s:

 

          [ Choose ]

            18

            7.24

            2

            False

            12

            8

            5.99

            30

            True

            3

            12.84

            20

            4

            10.60

            8.51

            7.81

            There is no relationship between birth order and personality.

            There is a relationship between birth order and personality.

            6.89

        

 

The expected frequencies Reserved, Birth Position 2nd is:

 

          [ Choose ]

            18

            7.24

            2

            False

            12

            8

            5.99

            30

            True

            3

            12.84

            20

            4

            10.60

            8.51

            7.81

            There is no relationship between birth order and personality.

            There is a relationship between birth order and personality.

            6.89

        

 

The expected frequencies Reserved, Birth Position 3rd is:

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