A researcher hypothesised that reality TV show contestants start off with personality disorders that are exacerbated by being forced to spend time with people as attentionseeking as them. To test this hypothesis, she gave eight contestants a questionnaire measuring personality disorders before and after they entered the show. A second group of eight people were given the questionnaire at the same time; these people were short-listed to go on the show, but never did.  What are the dependent and independent variables in this study?

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