A researcher designs a study that assesses the extent of alcohol abuse among college students. A large public university campus, which has an undergraduate population of approximately 10,000 students, is chosen. Advertisements for the study are placed on campus , and 58 students (36 men, 20 women) volunteer for the anonymous study. Eighty percent of the responses are from college freshmen. The students complete an anonymous questionnaire about their drinking habits, such as amount and frequency of alcohol use. Students also are asked about their grades and academic majors. These results are combined to yield general statistics about alcohol abuse among all college students. Which of the following types of bias is present in this study design? a. Bias due to confoundingb. Bias in selection of participantsc. Bias in classification of interventionsd. Bias in outcome measurements
A researcher designs a study that assesses the extent of alcohol abuse among college students. A large public university campus, which has an undergraduate population of approximately 10,000 students, is chosen. Advertisements for the study are placed on campus , and 58 students (36 men, 20 women) volunteer for the anonymous study. Eighty percent of the responses are from college freshmen. The students complete an anonymous questionnaire about their drinking habits, such as amount and frequency of alcohol use. Students also are asked about their grades and academic majors. These results are combined to yield general statistics about alcohol abuse among all college students. Which of the following types of bias is present in this study design?
a. Bias due to confounding
b. Bias in selection of participants
c. Bias in classification of interventions
d. Bias in outcome measurements
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