(a) Reduce the following state table to a minimum number of states. Present Next State Output Z X=0 X = 1 State X=0 X = 1 A D G 1 0 B C 0 1 C D 0 0 D A 1 0 E G 0 1 F D 0 G Ε 0 1 H A с 0 0 (b) You are given two identical sequential circuits which realize this state table. One circuit is initially in state R and the other circuit is initially in state E EHGEBEC Ε Η F

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### State Reduction and Distinguishing Sequential Circuits

**Problem Statement:**

(a) Reduce the following state table to a minimum number of states.

| Present State | Next State | Output Z  |
|---------------|------------|-----------|
| | X = 0 | X = 1 | X = 0 | X = 1 |
| A | D | G | 1 | 0 |
| B | C | E | 0 | 1 |
| C | D | H | 0 | 0 |
| D | A | G | 1 | 0 |
| E | G | F | 0 | 1 |
| F | D | B | 1 | 0 |
| G | C | E | 0 | 1 |
| H | A | C | 0 | 0 |

(b) You are given two identical sequential circuits which realize this state table. One circuit is initially in state **B** and the other circuit is initially in state **E**. Specify an input sequence of length two that could be used to distinguish between the two circuits and provide the corresponding output sequence from each circuit.

### Explanation of Steps for Part (a):
1. **Step 1: Identify Equivalent States**:
     - Check states with identical outputs and transitions for all inputs.
     - Use methods such as state implication charts or partitioning to identify and merge equivalent states.

2. **Step 2: Form Reduced State Table**:
     - Create a revised state table with only unique, non-equivalent states.

### Explanation of Steps for Part (b):
1. **Step 1: Define Input Sequence**:
     - Choose an input sequence of length two to test the behavior of both circuits starting from their initial states.

2. **Step 2: Trace State Transitions**:
     - Follow the state transitions and outputs for the given input sequence starting from state **B** for the first circuit and from state **E** for the second circuit.
     
3. **Step 3: Compare Outputs**:
     - Compare the output sequences to find distinguishing patterns.

#### Example:
- Input Sequence: X1 = 0, X2 = 1
- Circuit starting from state **B**:
  - State Update with X1 = 0: **B** -> **C**
  - Output with X1 = 0: Z = 0
  - State Update with X2
Transcribed Image Text:### State Reduction and Distinguishing Sequential Circuits **Problem Statement:** (a) Reduce the following state table to a minimum number of states. | Present State | Next State | Output Z | |---------------|------------|-----------| | | X = 0 | X = 1 | X = 0 | X = 1 | | A | D | G | 1 | 0 | | B | C | E | 0 | 1 | | C | D | H | 0 | 0 | | D | A | G | 1 | 0 | | E | G | F | 0 | 1 | | F | D | B | 1 | 0 | | G | C | E | 0 | 1 | | H | A | C | 0 | 0 | (b) You are given two identical sequential circuits which realize this state table. One circuit is initially in state **B** and the other circuit is initially in state **E**. Specify an input sequence of length two that could be used to distinguish between the two circuits and provide the corresponding output sequence from each circuit. ### Explanation of Steps for Part (a): 1. **Step 1: Identify Equivalent States**: - Check states with identical outputs and transitions for all inputs. - Use methods such as state implication charts or partitioning to identify and merge equivalent states. 2. **Step 2: Form Reduced State Table**: - Create a revised state table with only unique, non-equivalent states. ### Explanation of Steps for Part (b): 1. **Step 1: Define Input Sequence**: - Choose an input sequence of length two to test the behavior of both circuits starting from their initial states. 2. **Step 2: Trace State Transitions**: - Follow the state transitions and outputs for the given input sequence starting from state **B** for the first circuit and from state **E** for the second circuit. 3. **Step 3: Compare Outputs**: - Compare the output sequences to find distinguishing patterns. #### Example: - Input Sequence: X1 = 0, X2 = 1 - Circuit starting from state **B**: - State Update with X1 = 0: **B** -> **C** - Output with X1 = 0: Z = 0 - State Update with X2
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