A rectangular beam has a width of 380 mm, effective depth of 445 mm, and overall depth of 510 mm and is reinforced with four No.29 tension bars. The concrete modulus of rupture fr = 3.65 MPa. The elastic modulus of the concrete and steel are, respectively, Ec=27,800 MPa and E,- 200,000 MPa. Determine if the beam will show hairline cracks due to a bending moment M = 108 kN-m and compute the relevant stresses. Provide material properties for concrete and reinforcing steel used in your design.

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Design criteria for structural loading

The different loads such as loads due to self-weight (dead load) and external loads such as live load, wind loads, seismic load, snow load, and other loads and load combinations that influence the design of a building are called structural loading. The nature of the applied load differs from changes in the location, design, and type of materials used. The design criteria require that structures must be designed and constructed to be able to withstand all load types that are expected to act upon the structure and render its usage for the designated purpose. The structural members such as beams, slabs, columns, and foundations help the structure to withstand the applied load. There are different institutes such as ASCE and ACI that provide building design codes to assure minimum safety requirements and quality of the structures.