A product is classified according to the number of defects it contains and the factory that produces it. Let X and Y be the random variables that represent the number of defects per unit (taking on possible values 0, 1, 2, or 3) and the factory number (taking on possible values 1 or 2), respectively. The entries in the table represent the joint probability mass function of a randomly chosen product. X p(x,y) 1 2 3 1 0.30 0.18 0.09 0.03 Y 2 0.20 0.12 0.06 0.02 a) Find the probability that there are less than 2 defects per unit. b) Find P(X– Y = 0)
Continuous Probability Distributions
Probability distributions are of two types, which are continuous probability distributions and discrete probability distributions. A continuous probability distribution contains an infinite number of values. For example, if time is infinite: you could count from 0 to a trillion seconds, billion seconds, so on indefinitely. A discrete probability distribution consists of only a countable set of possible values.
Normal Distribution
Suppose we had to design a bathroom weighing scale, how would we decide what should be the range of the weighing machine? Would we take the highest recorded human weight in history and use that as the upper limit for our weighing scale? This may not be a great idea as the sensitivity of the scale would get reduced if the range is too large. At the same time, if we keep the upper limit too low, it may not be usable for a large percentage of the population!
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