A process cannot be spontaneous if_ O it is exothermic, and there is an increase in disorder O it is endothermic, and there is an increase in disorder O it is exothermic, and there is a decrease in disorder O it is endothermic, and there is a decrease in disorder

A process cannot be spontaneous if_ O it is exothermic, and there is an increase in disorder O it is endothermic, and there is an increase in disorder O it is exothermic, and there is a decrease in disorder O it is endothermic, and there is a decrease in disorder

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter10: Entropy And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10.25PAE: What happens to the entropy of the universe during a spontaneous process?

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

What happens to the entropy of the universe during a spontaneous process?
Define the following: a. spontaneous process b. entropy c. positional probability d. system e. surroundings f. universe
One statement of the second law of thermodynamics is that heat cannot be turned completely into work. Another is that the entropy of the universe always increases. How are these two statements related?
Coal is used as a fuel in some electric-generating plants. Coal is a complex material, but for simplicity we may consider it to be a form of carbon. The energy that can be derived from a fuel is sometimes compared with the enthalpy of the combustion reaction: C(s)+O2(g)CO2(g) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for this reaction at 25C. Actually, only a fraction of the heat from this reaction is available to produce electric energy. In electric generating plants, this reaction is used to generate heat for a steam engine, which turns the generator. Basically the steam engine is a type of heat engine in which steam enters the engine at high temperature (Th), work is done, and the steam then exits at a lower temperature (Tl). The maximum fraction, f, of heat available to produce useful energy depends on the difference between these temperatures (expressed in kelvins), f = (Th Tl)/Th. What is the maximum heat energy available for useful work from the combustion of 1.00 mol of C(s) to CO2(g)? (Assume the value of H calculated at 25C for the heat obtained in the generator.) It is possible to consider more efficient ways to obtain useful energy from a fuel. For example, methane can be burned in a fuel cell to generate electricity directly. The maximum useful energy obtained in these cases is the maximum work, which equals the free-energy change. Calculate the standard free-energy change for the combustion of 1.00 mol of C(s) to CO2(g). Compare this value with the maximum obtained with the heat engine described here.
The statement Energycan beneithercreatednor destroyedis sometimes used as an equivalent statement of the first law of thermodynamics. There areinaccuracies to the statement, however. Restate it tomake it less inaccurate.
Athletic trainers use instant ice packs that can be cooled quickly on demand. Squeezing the pact breaks an inner container, allowing two components to mix and react. This reaction makes the pack become cold. Describe the heat flow for this spontaneous process.
9.20 State the first law of thermodynamics briefly in your own words.
Thermodynamics provides a way to interpret everyday occurrences. If you live in northern climates, one common experience is that during early winter, snow falls but then melts when it hits the ground. Both the formation and the melting happen spontaneously. How can thermodynamics explain both of these seemingly opposed events?
When most biological enzymes are heated, they lose their catalytic activity. This process is called denaturing. The change original enzyme new form that occurs on heating is endothermic and spontaneous. Is the structure of the original enzyme or its new form more ordered (has the smaller positional probability)? Explain.
9.23 Which system does not work: (a) E=436J , q=400J ; or E=317J , q=347J ?
2. Which of the following is true for a spontaneous process but not for a nonspontaneous process? Energy in the universe is concentrated conserved dispersed not conserved
Explain why the statement No process is 100 efficient is not the best statement of the second law of thermodynamics.