(a) Prepare a preliminary estimate of a building having carpet area of 3000m. Take circulation as 30% of built up area. Area covered by wall is 12% of built up area. Plinth area rate for civil works is Rs. 10,000.00 per meter square. Cost of water supply. Sanitary and electrification is 15% of building cost. Contingencies and supervision cost is 5% of total.
Reservoir and Streamflow Routing
In hydrology, a reservoir is usually a natural pond that is enlarged or made using a dam to keep the water clean. Reservoirs or dams can be constructed in several ways, including controlling the existing watercourse, disrupting the watercourse to form embayment within it, by digging or building any number of retaining walls.
Water Resource Systems Analysis
Water resources are natural water sources that may be as useful as water sources. 97% of the world's water is saltwater and only 3% is pure water; just over two-thirds of this ice sheet is located in glaciers. The remaining pure frozen water is found primarily as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above the ground or in the air. Natural sources of freshwater include surface water, under river flow, groundwater, and ice water. Artificial water sources can include treated wastewater (recycled water) and saline seawater.
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