A preheater involves the use of condensing steam at 100°C on the inside of a bank of tubes to heat air that enters at 1 atmosphere and 15°C. The air moves at 8 m/s in cross flow over the tubes. Each tube is 2 m long and has an outside diameter of 5 mm. The bank consists of 196 tubes in a square, aligned array in which the distance between tube centers is 15 mm. What is the temperature of the air after passing through the tubes. Also, what is the pressure drop associated with the air flow?
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- QUESTION 3 A multi-stage steam turbine exhausts into a two-pass surface condenser operating at a pressure of 10kPa. The steam enters the condenser with a dryness fraction of 0.85 and the condensate leaves the condenser at a temperature of 34.6°C. The tubes have an inside diameter of 18mm and a wall thickness of 1mm. Coolina water circulates through the tubes at a speed of 1.2m/s. The stean flows through the condenser at a rate of 2400kg/hr and air leaks into the system at a rate of 0.5kg/1000kg of steam condensed. Calculate: 3.1 the capacity of the air pump in m2/min.The condenser of a steam power plant consists of AISI 302 Stainless steel tubes, each with outer and inner diameters of 35 mm and 30 mm, respectively. Saturated steam at 0.135 bar condenses on the outer surface of the tube, while water at a mean temperature of 295 K is in fully developed flow through the tube (you can assume that 295 K is the mean temperature in the axial direction of the tube (e.g. along its length) or you may assume that the inlet water temperature is 295 K). For a water mass flow rate of 0.22 kg/s, what is the outer surface temperature of the tube and the rates of heat transfer and steam condensation per unit tube length? As an approximation you may evaluate the properties of the liquid film at the saturation temperature.8.21 WP In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at o.2 m/s through a straight thin- walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit and at a distance of o.5 m from the entrance? Fluid properties may be approximated as p = 1000 kg/m³, c, = 4000 J/kg · K, µ = 2 × 10-3 kg/s · m, k = 0.8 W/m · K, and Pr = 10.
- Problem 2: A 5mm x 20 mm rectangle tube houses fully-developed flow of water. The surface temperature is 45°C, and the water enters at 25°C and exits at 35°C. What is the heat transfer.Catalogue data of a water-cooled condenser of a manufacturer gives the following details: Condensing temperature 48.9°C Water inlet temperature 37.8°C Water flow rate 20.694 kg/s Capacity 145 tons Estimate the capacity of this condenser with the same water flow rate but with an inlet temperature of 30°C and a condensation temperature of 42°C. The evaporation temperature may be assumed to be constant at 2.2°C.5. Steam condensing on the outer surface of a thin-walled circular tube of 50 mm diameter and 6 m length maintains a uniform surface temperature of 100 C. Water flows through the tube at a rate of m= 0.25 kg/s, and its inlet and outlet temperatures are Tmi = 15 C and Tmo = 57C. What is the average convection coefficient associated with the water flow? Data: Pvater = 1000 kg/m³ ; c, = 4.2 kJ/kg-K.
- A spray condenser is to be used to condense steam at a pressure of 0.105 bar (Tat using water at 27° C. The injection velocity of the drops is 6 m/s and their mean diameter is 2 mm. How long must the condenser vessel be to achieve 95% utilization of the cooling water? (Use vapor properties at 320 K and liquid properties at 310 K.) 320 K)A plane-inclined pad thrust bearing is 160mm wide and 40mm long in the direction of sliding. The sliding velocity is 6 m/s and the bearing is supported so that the inlet film thickness is always three times the outlet film thickness. A load 18 kN is carried by the bearing and Tellus 37 oil is supplied at an inlet temperature of 40̊ C. Assuming that 80% of the heat generated in the bearing is carried away by the oil, describe the operating characteristics of the bearing (Pm, Q, F, tm,). Density is 875 kg/m3 and specific heat is Cp=1.880 J/g-K.Hot outside air and recirculated air from the inside of the car are mixed, pass through a filter, and are then blown by a fan through the evaporator coil where the air is cooled as the fluid inside the refrigeration system evaporates. The cooled air is then supplied to the car interior to maintain the inside temperature at the desired level, 20⁰ The passenger compartment of the car has dimensions 2m long, 1.5m wide, and 1m high. The overall heat transfer coefficients, radial and additional heat fluxes are presented in below. Place Windows Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient 3.66 (W/m^2)/K 6.66 (W/m^2)/K No need to calculate No need to calculate Heat Flux TO BE CALCULATED TO BE CALCULATED Heat Transfer Rate Car Body Solar Irradiation Thermal loads per person The transmissivity of window glass to solar radiation is 0.76 and the absorptivity of the car interior is 0.3. The window glass area is 40% of the total compartment surface There is a maximum of two people in the car at any given…
- 3.8 Determine (i) the pressure drop, and (ii) the convective heat transfer coefficient from hot air ( Tin = 500 K, Pin = 101.3 kPa, m sphere = 3.8 cm, o = 0.45, T init = 300 K, c sphere = 0.8 kJ/kgK, k sphere = 1.05 W/mK). = 3.5 kg/s) to a cold-packed bed of spheres (L vessel = 6.0 m, D vessel = 1.50 m, D Answer. (a) Ap = 9.46 kPa ; (b) h = 115You, a process design engineer, are tasked to build a powerplant that utilizes 1.5 metric tons of municipal solid wastes (MSW) per hour. In an industrial boiler, MSW is burned to heat and pressurize 1 kg/s of preheated water to high-pressure steam (44 atm, 450 °C). The high-pressure steam, moving at a linear velocity of 70 m/s, is then used to drive a high-pressure turbine. In a heat exchanger, the used steam from the outlet of high-P turbine at an intermediate pressure (10 atm, 250 °C) is used to preheat the water that will be fed to the boiler. This water is pumped from an underground reservoir at a low velocity (1 atm, 25 °C). After preheating the water, the intermediate-pressure steam leaving the heat exchanger is then used to drive a low-pressure turbine. Lastly, the steam from outlet of the low-P turbine leaves at a velocity of 10 m/s (at 1 atm and 100 °C) via an exhaust 10 m above the pump inlet. The industrial boiler is insulated, but due to the high temperatures and the nature…A four-effect evaporator is being considered for concentratinga fruit juice that has no appreciable boiling-point elevation.Steam is available at 143.27 kPa, and the boiling point of the product in the fourth effect is 45°C. The overall heat-transfer coeffi cients are 3000 W/(m 2 °C) in the fi rst effect, 2500W/(m2 °C) in the second effect, 2100W/(m2°C) in thethird effect, and 1800W/(m2°C) in the fourth effect. Calculatethe boiling-point temperatures of the product in the fi rst,second, and third effects. Assume the heating areas in all theeffects are equal to 50m2 each. The mass fl ow rate of steam tothe fi rst effect is 2400kg/h, the feed rate to the fi rst effect of 5%total solids fl uid is 15,000kg/h, the concentrated product fromthe fi rst effect leaves at 6.25% total solids, and the concentrationof product leaving the second effect is 8.82% total solids. Make it in the form of an example solution spreadsheet .....