A plant physiologist studying a small beach-dwelling plant called the Great Lakes sea rocket, Cakile edentula, wondered if the plants grew faster in competition with non-kin plants than when in competition with seedlings that are close relatives. She set up a direct study of kin recognition by growing sets of four seeds in one container. When the seedlings reached a phase of vigorous root growth, about 8 weeks after planting, she carefully removed the soil and weighed the root masses. Plants grouped with siblings had the following root weight statistics: n = 24 X = 6.25 g s = 0.47 g Plants grouped with unrelated seedlings had the following root weight statistics: n = 20 X = 7.22 g s = 0.55 g Are the plants grown in competition with unrelated individuals allocating sig- nificantly more resources to root growth than those growing among relatives?

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.