A pipe line 6000 m long is to convey a sewage having some corrosive effect. Bids have been received for reinforced concrete, cast iron and steel. Because of the varying hydraulic qualities of the inside surfaces the reinforced concrete was to be 39 inches in diameter, the cast iron pipe 42 inches in diameter and steel 45 inches in diameter. The assumed length of life of the materials are 100,75 and 50 years for cast iron, concrete and steel respectively. Annual maintenance costs are assumed as P 600 for cast iron, P 900 for concrete and P 3,600 for steel. The bids are P 790,000 for reinforced concrete and P 580,000 for steel. If interest rate is 5%, which of the bid is favourable?

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Q: Consider an industrial hydraulic system.  State its purpose and identify all of its components.

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A:

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Pricing Concrete Work

The concrete work in a project usually holds a high-end cost in terms of cost and value of the work. It becomes an important step in calculating the cost associated with concrete while preparing the project scale. The cost of making concrete depends on the cost of building materials, mixed materials, labor, and machinery. A concrete contractor builds structures from concrete, usually managing all the steps of the process from assembling ingredients to building a holding structure and preparing the mixture. This person or team oversees the delivery and unloading of goods to ensure that they are done properly. Nowadays, most of the concrete in the United States comes from manufacturers working abroad, usually with branches and plants within the provinces. Contributions can range from pre-mixed concrete to basic ingredients, the consumer company then mixes it. Many American-based concrete companies, however, offer concrete products, such as ballads, bricks, countertop, concrete pipe, and building products, as well as concrete construction and installation materials. This article covers both types of suppliers for this set of building materials.