A person who is extremely allergic to bee stings may carry an“EpiPen,” which is an auto-injector of epinephrine. Why wouldthe epinephrine help this individual?

Q: Addiction to opioids and other painkillers has become a major issue with society. Provide two ways…

A: Opioids are drugs that are used to treat pain. Opioid works by binding to the receptors in brain and…

Q: If Devan’s brain is producing serotonin and GABA, he would need to get plenty of which vitamins in…

A: The correct option is - Pyridoxine and pantothenic acid

Q: Which of the following is/are not stimulated by cAMP? Phosphofructokinase Epinephrine Muscle…

A: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, also known as cyclic AMP or cAMP, is a small, hydrophilic…

Q: when kidney cells secrete low levels of oxygen in the blood they secrete erythropoietin. in this…

A: Blood cells are prepared in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is the smooth, porous substance in the…

Q: Use complete sentences to describe the process of how a pulse passes through a nerve cell, using…

A: Introduction: The nervous system constantly receives information from both within and outside the…

Q: "Motor neurons trigger action potentials in muscle cell membranes that open voltage-sensitive Ca2+…

A: Introduction: The contraction of the muscle is significantly influenced by calcium ions. When…

Q: Based on the pathways shown in this figure, why are people advised to avoid taking aspirin or other…

A: Answer- Aspirin is a medicine that is used to treat various medical conditions which include heart…

Q: Suppose that two different organs, such as the liver and heart, are sensitive to a particular…

A: Epinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors for further signaling pathway.

Q: Which of the following statements is true? Chemical messengers within cells are always…

A: The central nervous system (CNS) is a complex network of nerve cells that process and coordinate the…

Q: What is the role of the adrenal cortex & medulla in the fight or flight response?   I know that…

A: The adrenal (or suprarenal) glands are paired endocrine glands situated over the medial aspect of…

Q: How would it be possible to have the normal amount of a hormone circulating in the blood yet have…

A: Hormones are the chemical molecules that are synthesized by the cells of the endocrine glands; these…

Q: What proteins within a cell are phosphorylated when a positive inotropic agent activates the cAMP…

A: The nucleus of the circulatory system is the heart. The heart is exquisitely able to match cardiac…

Q: Organophosphate poisoning is a result of excess acetylcholine at different nerves and receptors in…

A: The binding of the organophosphate molecule in the active site of the enzyme with the serine…

Q: In atropine poisoning, would you expect the pupils to be dilated or constricted? The skin to be…

A: Atropine poisoning can cause allergies and in the case of nerve failure and when the heart rate is…

Q: Organophosphate poisoning is a result of excess acetylcholine at different nerves and receptors in…

A: Organophosphate is known as an inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholinesterase…

Q: Which of the following are true of endocannabinoids? (Choose more than 1 answer) A. bind to…

A: Endocannabinoids control the operation of numerous organs and tissues in the body. CB1 and CB2…

Q: Select any of the regulator mechanisms that would amplify cAMP signaling. A) Cell produces more…

A: Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a small molecule derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that acts as a…

Q: Identify the structure highlighted in green: Epinephrine receptor ACh receptor Norepinephrine…

A: Synapse is a junction or point at which transfer of instruction or information takes place . It can…

Q: Using the below diagram, label each part along with its function. Also identify where ADH acts?

A: The nephrons are the kidney's "useful units," which balance/equilibrate the circulation's components…

Q: Which neurotransmitter(s) are thought to play a critical role in the generation of the placebo…

A: The objective of the question is to identify the neurotransmitter(s) that are believed to be crucial…

Q: List two main functions of oxytocin in the body.

A: Oxytocin is a short neuropeptide which is only 9 amino-acids long. It is derived from the cleavage…

Q: An area called the diencephalon includes the thalamus, which serves as an integrating center for…

A: Endocrine glands are the glands which produce hormones. Hormones are the chemical messenger which…

Q: GTPγS is a nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP. Suppose this compound were added to a cell-free system…

A: Adrenergic signaling systems such as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) use GTP hydrolysis for…

Q: The reason a heroin addict feels very ill immediately after going "cold turkey" from heroin is…

A: Chemical signaling allows cells to interact with one another. Different substances, like hormones…

Q: Mrs. Kuchinski, a patient with cancer, has been on high doses of extended-release oxycodone, a…

A: Opioid analgesics are the group of analgesic which are used in the high level pain management in…

Q: Mrs. Jackson, who suffers from seizures, has been stable on a phenytoin dose of 300 mg q.d. (qd or…

A: Seizures are defined as abrupt and unchecked electrical manipulations in the brain. An individual…

Q: The phosphodiesterase that catalyzes hydrolysis of cyclic AMP is inhibited by caffeine. What overall…

A: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. Usually, PDE refers to…

Q: eanut and tree allergies are on the rise in modern, industrialized countries. Exposure to a protein…

A: IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity occurs by the peanut allergy where the exposure to the…

Q: certain bacterium has a gene that encodes for a neurotoxin. This neurotoxin is highly specific for…

A: A certain bacterium has a gene that encodes a neurotoxin. This neurotoxin is highly specific to the…

Q: If we give a patient an SSRI, then what would we expect to happen to the response of the…

A: Neurotransmitters are the chemical molecules that help in the transmission of information from one…

Q: A chemical messenger secreted into the bloodstream that stimulates a response in another tissue is…

A: Given: A chemical messenger secreted into the bloodstream that stimulates a response in another…

Q: Why is there normally a latent period between the time ahormone binds to its receptor and the time…

A: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by endocrine glands and transported through the…

Q: Why do some people with diabetes mellitus not feel pain in their feet is they sustain cuts or step…

A: Endocrine system is a system which contains different glands which produces the hormones are…

Q: TRUE or FALSE GABA is methylated norepinephrine; together both are considered catecholamines.

A: Catecholamines are the organic compounds that consist of catechol group and a amino group. Catechol…

Q: For our patient John with diabetes type II, he can make insulin but his body cells can be resistant…

A: Increase in the blood sugar levels is sensed by the pancreas and the beta cells within the pancreas…

Q: Which one is known as the second messenger?

A: Cell gives signal to other cell by signalling molecules. This process is referred to as cell…

Q: why  is a cell unable to respond to epinephrine signaling

A: * common goal of signalling pathways is to to produce cellular response, a signal is released by the…

Q: Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via _________.

A: Pituitary gland is an endocrine gland and is considered as master gland of the body as it maintain…

Q: Halle Zingiber has been granted refugee status in this country. He has had to leave his wife and two…

A: Nortriptyline is a tricyclic depressant commonly known as TCAs, used for the treatment of…