A person bends forward to lift a load with his back. To see that this is not a good way to lift, we will find the large induced force  R = Rx(i) + Ry(j) occurring in the spine by lifting a 200-N object. The spine and the upper body are represented as a uniform horizontal rod of weight 350 N, pivoted at the base of the spine. The erector spinalis muscle, attached at a point 2/3 of the way up the spine, maintains the position of the back with tension T. The angle between the spine and this muscle theta = 12 degrees.   Find the magnitude of force R at the base of the spine.

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Torque

Torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force in physics and mechanics. Based on the course of study, it is also known as the moment of force, rotational force, or turning effect.