A patient who is diagnosed with thiamine deficiency exhibited fatigue and muscle cramps. The muscle cramps have been related to an accumulation of pyruvate and a- ketoglutarate. Explain the role of thiamine in this case. (6) (ii) Lipoate is synthesized in human from carbohydrate and amino acids. It does not require a vitamin precursor. In the absence of lipoate, there is reduced production of acetyl-CoA, Provide reasons for this observation.

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