A mutation that confers drug resistance is present in a bacterial population that has never been treated with antibiotics. The mutation is present in this population because: O mutations arise randomly bacteria reproduce asexually it is an advantageous phenotype all mutations that ever arise are retained within populations

Q: Which of the following are associated with the origin and spread of antibiotic resistance?

A: Explanation are given below

Q: Which of the following is most responsible for horizontal gene transfer? Non-orthologous gene…

A: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the exchange of genetic material between organisms and is a…

Q: When a virus mistakenly picks up a segment of host bacterial DNA, packages it into a viral particle,…

A: There are many methods of DNA transfer in bacteria such as transduction, conjugation and…

Q: In a single point mutation, when the RNA changes but not the amino acid, it is called Why do…

A: The mutation is the abrupt change in the DNA nucleotides which usually change the gene expression.…

Q: Which of the following is a known characteristic that can lead to genetic changes in some viruses?…

A: viruses need host cell machinery to replicate themselves.

Q: a gene insert itself into a bacterium’s Genome often distracting part of the genome. This is an…

A: Several types of techniques are incorporated in the molecular biology to get more desirable results…

Q: Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about by

A: Genetic change is the change brought about in the geno

Q: The initial origin of all antibiotic resistance genes involving enzymes, pumps or altered targets wa…

A: Antibiotic resistance is the subject of an increasing challenge for attacking target specific…

Q: Bacteriophages are bacteria that infect other bacteria and take over their genetic machinery to make…

A: Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms (nucleus is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane)…

Q: When referring to bacteria cells, a plasmid is not naturally occuring. is the large bacterial…

A: The microbiology studies about both the diseases causing microbes and beneficiary microbes, about…

Q: New alleles in bacteria can arise by All of the answers are correct. conjugation transduction…

A: Alleles It is the variant form of a gene. Some genes possess variety of different forms, located at…

Q: Lysogeny can result in all of the following EXCEPT persistent infections a bacteria expressing new…

A: The presence or absence of phage RNAP is used to categorise phage transcriptional regulatory…

Q: A phage that reproduces slowly, produces relatively few phage particles, and only undergoes the…

A:

Q: two viruses infect the same cell. This results in the production of new viruses that contain genetic…

A: Infection refers to the entry of microorganisms into a host body followed by multiplication of the…

Q: A patient has a Haemophilus influenzae respiratory infection. She is prescribed Amoxicillin.…

A: The various modes of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria are transduction, transformation, and…

Q: What is the function of innate restriction enzymes in bacteria? • All of the answers are correct…

A: Restriction enzymes are responsible for cutting double stranded DNA molecules from the middle by…

Q: When a bacteriophage accidentally incorporates a fragment of host DNA in its capsid and delivers it…

A: Bacteriophages bind to various receptors on the surface of bacteria, such as lipopolysaccharides,…

Q: Describe one realistic application of recombinant gene introduction into bacterial cells that…

A: Using bacterial cell recombinant gene produced can be used to manufacture the crucial proteins which…

Q: Expression and purification of proteins from E. coli is preferred over those from the host cells or…

A: Protein purification is a series of processes intended to isolate one or a few proteins from a…

Q: Which of the following are TRUE when a bacterium engages in conjugation: sex pilus production occurs…

A: Bacterial conjugation is an essential process that allows bacterial cells to exchange genetic…

Q: Which of the following contributes the least to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance among…

A: Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon by which microorganisms like bacteria gain resistance to a…

Q: Conjugation between bacteria is an example of: O sexual reproduction O asexual reproduction O a…

A: Conjugation between bacteria is an example of: • horizontal transfer

Q: What is the output from a PCR that can be used to detect one specific species? Binding of antibodies…

A: Kary Mullis invented PCR in 1983 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 for his work.…

Q: The Levaquin treatment caused a mutation to develop in the resistant cells Population replacement of…

A: Levaquin is used to treat various bacterial infections like the infections caused by S. pneumoniae.…

Q: Describe one adaptation a bacteria could have that would allow it to be resistant to an antibiotic

A: Introduction  Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections by killing or inhibiting the growth…

Q: Number of live cells (log) A B C D Time Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding…

A: Cell growth and division are very crucial for survival. Different types of methods are used by…

Q: Categorize the following as being associated with transformation, conjugation, or transduction. Note…

A: There are three principal methods of genetic transfer between bacteria. Transformation deals with…

Q: ou are helping a patient who you think has CJD. They want you to explain how this happened. Vhich…

A: CJD stands for Creuzfeldt-Jacob Disease, which is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an isoform…

Q: You notice that the tails of the phages in one lab stock are shorter than the tails in another lab…

A: The phage tail is a complex, multi-protein structure that mediates attachment, digestion and…

Q: Which of the following options best describes the process of selection for antibiotic-resistant…

A: Developing multiple drug resistance in bacteria is a cause of great concern for future generations…

Q: Where does Taq polymerase come from?

A: Taq polymerase is the vitalmost polymerase enzyme in modern biochemistry. It has versatile range of…

Q: To do the process of reading a pathogen's genes, we must isolate human DNA and purify it purify…

A: A pathogen refers to any organism that causes illness or disease. Microbes are abundant in the body…

Q: Using the figure above of Griffith's experiment, the hypothesis rewritten to follow proper…

A: Griffith’s experiment involved the use of two strains of pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae), a…

Q: Which one of the following is NOT an acquired resistance mechanism exhibited by bacteria to protect…

A: Introduction  Small, single-celled organisms are known as bacteria. Nearly all areas of the world…

Q: DNA can be electrophoresed. all cells have RNA. DNA polymerase will replicate any bacterial DNA. all…

A: PCR is short for Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Q: The different strains of a bacterial species All of the answers are correct. can participate in…

A: Answer :  The correct answer would be  All of the answers are correct.

Q: Which of the following is an example of horizontal genetransfer?a. The transfer of a gene from one…

A: The exchange of hereditary information among contemporary organisms is called horizontal gene…

Q: Conjugation differs from other means of horizontal gene transfer between bacteria cells because…

A: Horizontal gene transfer is the movement of genetic information between unicellular and…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.