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A metal ion in a high-spin octahedral complex has two more unpaired electrons than the same ion does in a low-spin octahedral complex. Which of the following could the metal ion be? 1. Ti²+ 2. Cu²+ 3. Mn2+ 4. CO³+ 5. Co²+

A metal ion in a high-spin octahedral complex has two more unpaired electrons than the same ion does in a low-spin octahedral complex. Which of the following could the metal ion be? 1. Ti²+ 2. Cu²+ 3. Mn2+ 4. CO³+ 5. Co²+

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Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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**Question:** A metal ion in a high-spin octahedral complex has two more unpaired electrons than the same ion does in a low-spin octahedral complex. Which of the following could the metal ion be? 1. Ti²⁺ 2. Cu²⁺ 3. Mn²⁺ 4. Co³⁺ 5. Co²⁺ **Discussion:** In octahedral complexes, the arrangement of electrons depends on whether the complex is high-spin or low-spin. High-spin complexes occur when the crystal field splitting energy (Δ₀) is less than the pairing energy, leading to a larger number of unpaired electrons. Conversely, low-spin complexes occur when the crystal field splitting energy (Δ₀) is greater than the pairing energy, resulting in fewer unpaired electrons. To determine which metal ion is described: - High-spin octahedral complexes will have more unpaired electrons compared to low-spin octahedral complexes. - The difference in unpaired electrons between high-spin and low-spin states must be two. **Solution Explanation:** 1. **Ti²⁺** (3d²): - High-spin: 2 unpaired electrons - Low-spin: Not applicable (no significant difference in a 3d² configuration) 2. **Cu²⁺** (3d⁹): - High-spin: 1 unpaired electron - Low-spin: 1 unpaired electron (no difference) 3. **Mn²⁺** (3d⁵): - High-spin: 5 unpaired electrons - Low-spin: 1 unpaired electron - Difference: 4 unpaired electrons (not 2, so it doesn't fit) 4. **Co³⁺** (3d⁶): - High-spin: 4 unpaired electrons - Low-spin: 2 unpaired electrons - Difference: 2 unpaired electrons (fits the condition) 5. **Co²⁺** (3d⁷): - High-spin: 3 unpaired electrons - Low-spin: 1 unpaired electron - Difference: 2 unpaired electrons (also fits the condition) From the given options, Co³⁺ and Co²⁺ meet the criteria where the high-spin state has two more unpaired electrons than the low-spin state. **Correct Answer:
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** A metal ion in a high-spin octahedral complex has two more unpaired electrons than the same ion does in a low-spin octahedral complex. Which of the following could the metal ion be? 1. Ti²⁺ 2. Cu²⁺ 3. Mn²⁺ 4. Co³⁺ 5. Co²⁺ **Discussion:** In octahedral complexes, the arrangement of electrons depends on whether the complex is high-spin or low-spin. High-spin complexes occur when the crystal field splitting energy (Δ₀) is less than the pairing energy, leading to a larger number of unpaired electrons. Conversely, low-spin complexes occur when the crystal field splitting energy (Δ₀) is greater than the pairing energy, resulting in fewer unpaired electrons. To determine which metal ion is described: - High-spin octahedral complexes will have more unpaired electrons compared to low-spin octahedral complexes. - The difference in unpaired electrons between high-spin and low-spin states must be two. **Solution Explanation:** 1. **Ti²⁺** (3d²): - High-spin: 2 unpaired electrons - Low-spin: Not applicable (no significant difference in a 3d² configuration) 2. **Cu²⁺** (3d⁹): - High-spin: 1 unpaired electron - Low-spin: 1 unpaired electron (no difference) 3. **Mn²⁺** (3d⁵): - High-spin: 5 unpaired electrons - Low-spin: 1 unpaired electron - Difference: 4 unpaired electrons (not 2, so it doesn't fit) 4. **Co³⁺** (3d⁶): - High-spin: 4 unpaired electrons - Low-spin: 2 unpaired electrons - Difference: 2 unpaired electrons (fits the condition) 5. **Co²⁺** (3d⁷): - High-spin: 3 unpaired electrons - Low-spin: 1 unpaired electron - Difference: 2 unpaired electrons (also fits the condition) From the given options, Co³⁺ and Co²⁺ meet the criteria where the high-spin state has two more unpaired electrons than the low-spin state. **Correct Answer:
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