A mass of 3 kg of saturated liquid–vapor mixture of water is contained in a piston–cylinder device at 160 kPa. Initially, 1 kg of the water is in the liquid phase and the rest is in the vapor phase. Heat is now transferred to the water, and the piston, which is resting on a set of stops, starts moving when the pressure inside reaches 500 kPa. Heat transfer continues until the total volume increases by 20 percent. Determine (a) the initial and final temperatures, (b) the mass of liquid water when the piston first starts moving, and (c) the work done during this process. Also, show the process on a P-v diagram.
Latent heat and phase change
A physical process in which a conversion among the basic states or phases of matter, i.e., solid, liquid, and gas takes place under the effect of a certain temperature and pressure is referred to as a phase change. Generally, the phase change of a substance occurs when heat transfer takes place between the substance and its surroundings. Based on the direction in which heat transfer takes place, different types of phase changes can occur.
Triple Point of Water
The branch of physics in which observer deals with temperature related properties is called thermodynamics.
Boiling Point of Water
Everyday examples of boiling is, boiling milk, heating water. One would have observed that when we heat water it goes through various stages and at one point bubbles show in water, and water keeps splashing with bubbles bursting, we in layman terms say that water is boiling.
Freezing Point of Water
In general, the freezing point of water is 0° Celsius, or 32° Fahrenheit. This is the temperature at which water will ordinarily change from its liquid state to its solid state (ice). However, there are certain conditions that can affect the freezing point of water. For example, a liquid may be supercooled or contain impurities so that it does not freeze at the ordinary freezing point.
A mass of 3 kg of saturated liquid–vapor mixture of
water is contained in a piston–cylinder device at 160 kPa. Initially,
1 kg of the water is in the liquid phase and the rest is in
the vapor phase. Heat is now transferred to the water, and the
piston, which is resting on a set of stops, starts moving when
the pressure inside reaches 500 kPa.
until the total volume increases by 20 percent. Determine
(a) the initial and final temperatures, (b) the mass of liquid
water when the piston first starts moving, and (c) the work done
during this process. Also, show the process on a P-v diagram.
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