A levelling fieldwork was conducted to determine the level of an existing road that runs road under a bridge. The Points CP1 - CP4 and points R1 - R12 are points on the road. Point B1 is the underside of the bridge. Complete the level book and determine the headroom of the bridge. Perform all necessary checks. Table Q3 Staff Readings Remarks 1.629 (BS); TBM 1 TBM 1 (24.857m) 1.866 (FS); 2.309 (BS) CP1 3.345 (IS) R1 1.446 (IS) R2 2.081 (IS) R3 1.833 (FS); 2.12 (BS) CP2 2.475 (FS); 1.352 (BS) CP3 2.363 (IS) R4 1.751 (IS) 1.759 (IS) R6 1.527 (IS) R7 1.755 (IS) R8 road surface immediately below B1 -3.973 (IS) B1 0.579 (FS); 1.592 (BS) CP4 1.979 (IS) R9 2.654 (IS) R10 1.278 (IS) R11 1.696 (IS) R12 3.154 (FS) TBM 2 TBM 2 (23.954m) BS BACKSIGHT : IS = INTERMEDIATE SIGHT : FS = FORESIGHT R5

A levelling fieldwork was conducted to determine the level of an existing road that runs road under a bridge. The Points CP1 - CP4 and points R1 - R12 are points on the road. Point B1 is the underside of the bridge. Complete the level book and determine the headroom of the bridge. Perform all necessary checks. Table Q3 Staff Readings Remarks 1.629 (BS); TBM 1 TBM 1 (24.857m) 1.866 (FS); 2.309 (BS) CP1 3.345 (IS) R1 1.446 (IS) R2 2.081 (IS) R3 1.833 (FS); 2.12 (BS) CP2 2.475 (FS); 1.352 (BS) CP3 2.363 (IS) R4 1.751 (IS) 1.759 (IS) R6 1.527 (IS) R7 1.755 (IS) R8 road surface immediately below B1 -3.973 (IS) B1 0.579 (FS); 1.592 (BS) CP4 1.979 (IS) R9 2.654 (IS) R10 1.278 (IS) R11 1.696 (IS) R12 3.154 (FS) TBM 2 TBM 2 (23.954m) BS BACKSIGHT : IS = INTERMEDIATE SIGHT : FS = FORESIGHT R5

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Errors in surveying

An error in surveying is defined as the difference between two or more values of an identical quantity. However, the estimates are never accurate and there will always be a degree of variability regardless of the research tool or method used. These differences are known as errors that need to be reduced or eliminated to maintain certain levels of accuracy. Even if you carefully follow the prescribed test procedures, the considerations may contain errors.

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SURVEYING Given the following differential level notes: STA BS FS BM1 1.73 - TP1 2.5 3.8 TP2 2.75 1.7 BM2 3.15 3.32 TP3 2.45 3.22 TP4 3.9 2.5 TP5 2.78 3.02 BM3 - 1.77 Base on the differential leveling of note in the previous problem, if the elevation of TP3 = 267.28 m, determine the elevation of BM1
Figure 3 shows staff readings obtained from a survey along the centerline of the road.The levelling commenced on TBM1 (23.832 m AOD) to TBM2 (24.082 m AOD) andthe reading were taken at 25 m intervals along the line. Calculate the reduce level ofall the chainage points. Apply the arithmetic checking.
FOR ALL PROBLEMS, DETERMINE THE AFD, SFD, AND BMD MAKING SURE To SHOW AL WORK REQUIRED OBTAIN EACH To DIAGRAM. (4) B 0.4L 240° TTTT A
DOUBLE – RODDED LEVELING: The figure shows a schematic arrangement of a differential level route employing two rods. The values indicated represent backsight and foresight readings taken on two sets of turning points. Prepare and complete the differential level notes for the information shown and perform the customary arithmetic check. TP, H ---.079 BS) .3.732. (BS) BM Hl2 1.137 FSTRL _2.768/2.768 TP2H (BS) TPgH - 0.267 -- (BS) BM. (Elev 146.890m) 2,628 (FS) 0.834 (BS) 3.000 (FS) TP L STA BS HI FS ELEV BMa 2.768 146.890 2.768 TP1H TP;L TP2H TP2L TP3H TP3L BMb 0.329 (FS) 366 (BS)
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3) The following table contains a set of measured levels for an open traverse Station CP1 (BM) 1a 1b CP2 2a 26 CP3 BS IS FS 1.430 3.370 2.010 1.010 2.980 1.410 0.400 0.670 RL 277.650 Find the RL values and do a checking i) use RISE and Fall Method ii) use Method of Height of Plane of Collimation<
A dumpy kevel is set up and leveled approximately halfway between two points, C and D. The elevation of point C is 135.00 m above mean sea level and the reading on a rod held at this point is 1.52 m. If the reading on the road held at point D is 2.74 m, determine the difference in elevation between the two points. Also, determine the elevation of point D.
1)Determine the slope and deflection at point “C” using Virtual work methodE = 29000 ksi, A= 3500 in⁴
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Describe about the friction-circle analysis.
1. Determine the elevation at each station. STATION BS HI FS BM1 1.285 TP1 2.314 2.345 TP2 1.562 1.301 TP3 2.721 2.380 TP4 0.895 1.789 TP5 2.645 2.456 TP6 3.115 0.764 TP7 0.865 1.897 BM2 1.239 2.987 TP9 2.413 2.309 TP10 1.234 1.506 TP11 2.345 2.908 TP12 3.456 2.113 TP13 1.654 2.222 TP14 2.321 1.559 TP15 0.789 2.727 TP16 0.456 3.408 TP17 0.223 2.322 TP18 1.546 1.110 BM3 0.557 2.101 TP19 1.353 2.131 TP20 2.458 2.358 TP21 2.221 1.424 TP22 3.105 1.588 TP23 0.557 0.898 TP24 3.455 1.231 TP25 2.626 2.358 TP26 1.325 1.357 TP27 0.898 3.264 BM4 0.566 2.565 TP28 2.356 1.543 TP29 1.259 1.553 TP30 1.110 2.598 TP31 2.369 2.015 TP32 3.122 1.567 TP33 0.897 3.011 TP34 1.335 2.234 TP35 2.131 1.353 BM5 1.357 ELEVATION 445.544 M
PROBLEM 1 +From the given data of differential levelling shown. STA BS FS BM1 1.256 TP1 1.116 1.886 TP2 1.228 1.527 ТРЗ 1.189 2.246 ТР4 1.070 2.017 TP5 1.831 2.656 ТР6 1.489 2.723 BM2 2.548 The elevation of BM1 is 98.5 meters. Solve for the following: a. What is the value of HI in the 2nd set up? b. Find the elevation of TP5 c. Determine the difference in elevation of TP3 and TP6. d. Determine the elevation of BM2. PROBLEM 2 Explain how is the error cancelled in Reciprocal Levelling. PROBLEM 3 Two points A and B were set up. With the instrument at point A, the rod reading at A was 1.623 m, and the rod reading at B was 2.875 m. The level is transferred at B, the rod reading at A was 0.362, and the rod reading at B was 1.622. a. Find the elevation between A and B. b. What would be the error in the line of sight?