A layer of clay 4m thick lies between two layers of sand each 4m thick, the top of the upper layer of sand being ground level. The water table is 2m below ground level but the lower layer of sand is under artesian pressure, the piezo- metric surface being 4 m above ground level. The saturated unit weight of the clay is 20 kN/m³ and that of the sand 19 kN/m³; above the water table the unit weight of the sand is 16.5 kN/m³. Calculate the effective vertical stresses at the ton and bottom of the clay laver

A layer of clay 4m thick lies between two layers of sand each 4m thick, the top of the upper layer of sand being ground level. The water table is 2m below ground level but the lower layer of sand is under artesian pressure, the piezo- metric surface being 4 m above ground level. The saturated unit weight of the clay is 20 kN/m³ and that of the sand 19 kN/m³; above the water table the unit weight of the sand is 16.5 kN/m³. Calculate the effective vertical stresses at the ton and bottom of the clay laver

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Concept explainers

Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.

Question

3.3 A layer of clay 4 m thick lies between two layers of sand each 4m thick, the top
of the upper layer of sand being ground level. The water table is 2 m below
ground level but the lower layer of sand is under artesian pressure, the piezo-
metric surface being 4 m above ground level. The saturated unit weight of the
clay is 20 kN/m³ and that of the sand 19 kN/m³; above the water table the unit
weight of the sand is 16.5 kN/m³. Calculate the effective vertical stresses at the
top and bottom of the clay layer.

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