**Question:**A kidney stone (renal calculus) lodges in a ureter, blocking the flow of urine out of the kidney. What effect will this have on the glomerular filtration rate? Be as specific as possible.---**Explanation:**When a kidney stone becomes lodged in a ureter, it obstructs the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder. This blockage leads to increased pressure within the kidney, a condition known as hydronephrosis. As pressure builds up in the nephron, the effective filtration pressure in the glomerulus decreases. Consequently, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is reduced due to the reduction in the pressure gradient necessary for filtration.A sustained decrease in GFR can lead to impaired kidney function, increased serum creatinine, and potential damage to the renal tissue if the obstruction is not resolved.

Introduction The excretory system includes a pair of bean-shaped organs called kidneys. The peritoneum is behind them since they are located retroperitoneally. The kidney's center, the ureters, run parallel to the renal pelvis.The structural and functional component of the kidney is the nephron.By filtering the blood, reabsorbing the necessary substance, and excreting the remainder as urine, it regulates water and soluble compounds.Blood is filtered by the kidneys in three steps. The nephrons in the glomerulus first filter the blood. Glomerular filtration is the process through which almost all solutes, with the exception of proteins, are filtered into the glomerulus. Second, the renal tubules are where the filtrate is gathered. Tubular reabsorption, a technique used in the PCT, is how the majority of solutes are reabsorbed. The renal medulla and the peritubular capillary network continue to exchange solutes and water with the filtrate in the loop of Henle. Then, during tubular secretion, which is the opposite process from tubular reabsorption, additional solutes and wastes are discharged into the kidney tubules. Filtrate from the nephrons is collected by the collecting ducts, which then unite in the medullary papillae. The papillae deliver the filtrate, known as urine, from here. Glomerular Filtration Due to high blood pressure and specific membranes in the afferent arteriole, glomerular filtration removes most solutes. The glomerulus's blood pressure is kept constant regardless of external events that may impact the systemic blood pressure. Solutes can easily travel through the "leaky" connections between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillary network. Except for macromolecules like proteins, all solutes in the glomerular capillaries are transported through passive diffusion. At this point in the filtration process, no energy is needed. The volume of glomerular filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is known as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Multiple mechanisms control GFR, which is a crucial indicator of kidney health. Three elements, including the total surface area available for filtration, the permeability of the filtration membrane, and the net filtration pressure determine Net filtration process.Conclusion Hard deposits consisting of minerals and salts that develop inside our kidneys are known as renal calculi, or kidney stones. The urinary system is blocked by these solid masses. These kidney-born stones pass via the urinary system to leave the body. As kidney calculi (kidney stones) grow larger or more numerous, NFP tends to decline because they prevent urine from leaving the kidney and put pressure on the renal tubules and collecting ducts. Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure will rise as a result of the back pressure (CHP).Since NFP will decline as a result of the kidney stone-induced back pressure, GFR will also decline. GFR is proportional to net filtration pressure because the body typically modifies GFR by altering net filtration pressure in the kidneys. NFP falls with an decrease in GFR, and vice versa.

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Anatomy and Physiology

A kidney stone (renal calculus) lodges in a ureter, blocking the flow of urine out of the kidney. What effect will this have on the glomerular filtration rate? Be as specific as possible.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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