Answered: A is a substance that increases the…

A is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up during the reaction. O catalyst O product O reactant O solute

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781305960060

Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen

Publisher:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen

Chapter8: Reaction Rates And Equilibrium

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8.75E

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What happens to the reactants in an ineffective molecular collision?
. Before two molecules can react, chemists envision that the molecules must first collide with one another. Is collision among molecules the only consideration for the molecules to react with one another?
Classify each of the following statements as true or false. aSome equilibria depend on a steady supply of a reactant in order to maintain the equilibrium. bBoth forward and reverse reactions continue after equilibrium is reached. cEvery time reactant molecules collide, there is a reaction. dPotential energy during a collision is greater than potential energy before or after the collision. eThe properties of a transition state are between those of the reactants and products. fActivation energy is positive for both the forward and reverse reactions. gKinetic energy is changed to potential energy during a collision. hAn increase in temperature speeds the forward reaction but slows the reverse reaction. iA catalyst changes the steps by which a reaction is completed. jAn increase in concentration of a substance on the right-hand side of an equation speeds the reverse reaction rate. kAn increase in the concentration of a substance in an equilibrium increases the reaction rate in which the substance is a product. lReducing the volume of a gaseous equilibrium shifts the equilibrium in the direction of fewer gaseous molecules. mRaising temperature results in a shift in the forward direction of an endothermic equilibrium. nThe value of an equilibrium constant depends on temperature. oA large K indicates that an equilibrium is favored in the reverse direction.
Consider the following equilibrium system. N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g) a. Write the chemical equation for the forward reaction. b. Write the chemical equation for the reverse reaction.
Sketch energy diagrams to represent each of the following. Label the diagrams completely and tell how they are similar to each other and how they are different. a. Exothermic exergonic reaction with activation energy b. Exothermic exergonic reaction without activation energy
The equilibrium constant expression for a given reaction depends on how the equilibrium equation is written. Explain the meaning of that statement. You may, if you wish, use the equilibrium equation N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) to illustrate your explanation.
Draw an energy diagram graph for an endothermic reaction where no catalyst is present. Then draw an energy diagram graph for the same reaction when a catalyst is present. Indicate the similarities and differences between the two diagrams.
Sketch an energy diagram graph representing an exothermic reaction, and label the following. a. Average energy of reactants b. Average energy of products c. Activation energy d. Amount of energy liberated during the reaction
. Explain what it means that a reaction has reached a state of chemical equilibrium. Explain why equilibrium is a dynamic state: Does a reaction really “stop” when the system reaches a state of equilibrium? Explain why, once a chemical system has reached equilibrium, the concentrations of all reactants remain constant with time. Why does this constancy of concentration not contradict our picture of equilibrium as being dynamic? What happens to the rates of the forward and reverse reactions as a system proceeds to equilibrium from a starting point where only reactants are present?
Sketch an energy diagram graph representing an endothermic reaction, and label the following. a. Average energy of reactants b. Average energy of products c. Activation energy d. Amount of energy absorbed during the reaction
Tell what will happen to each equilibrium concentration in the following when the indicated stress is applied and a new equilibrium position is established. a. H+(aq)+HCO3(aq)H2O(l)+CO2(g); HCO3is added. b. CO2(g)+H2O(l)H2CO3(aq)+heat; CO2is removed. c. CO2(g)+H2O(l)H2CO3(aq)+heat; The system is cooled.
Tell what will happen to each equilibrium concentration in the following when the indicated stress is applied and a new equilibrium position is established. a. LiOH(s)+CO2(g)LiHCO3(s)+heat; CO2 is removed. b. 2NaHCO3(s)+heatNa2O(s)+2CO2(g)+H2O(g); The system is cooled. c. CaCO3(s)+heatCaO(s)+CO2(g); The system is cooled.