a Induction Repressor- Inducer helps turn transcription on. Transcription normally off. Inducer Repressor Operator RNA polymerase bound to promoter Transcription Transcription blocked The repressor binds to the operator, blocking transcription. Inducer binds to the repressor and alters its shape, so that it can no longer bind to the operator. The DNA is open for transcription. b Repression Repressor- Corepressor Repressor Corepressor helps turn transcription off. Transcription normally on. Operator RNA polymerase bound to promoter Transcription The repressor alone cannot bind to the operator. The DNA is open for transcription. Transcription blocked The corepressor-repressor complex can bind to the operator, blocking transcription. O FIGURE 7.21 Transcriptional Regulation by Repressors (a) Induction. (b) Repression.

Q: What are the components of innate immunity?

A: The innate immune system comprises of the barriers that aids to keep viruses, bacteria and other…

Q: Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome occurs over a longer period of time and how

A: Alarm, resistance, and fatigue were the stages defined by Selye. Understanding these various…

Q: What factors control the plasma protein systems of inflammation?

A: The inflammatory reaction occurs in a variety of situations accompanied by quite dramatic changes in…

Q: What does the rapid activation of the innate immunity lead to?

A: Innate immunity can be defined as the nonspecific defense mechanisms that will come into play…

Q: All of the following approaches are used to treat autoimmune diseases excepta) immunosuppressant…

A: The term autoimmunity refers to protection against self. The immune system always destroys foreign…

Q: What are autoimmune diseases? Give two examples?

A: The complex network of proteins and cells that protects the body against infection is called the…

Q: What does Tolerance indicate?

A: Generally, tolerance is the way we adjust to certain situations. It can be how we accept the…

Q: eneral adaptation synd

A: RMET or reading the mind in the eyes test can be defined as the test conducted to determine a…

Q: What are chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) ?

A: The patient with impairment or dysfunction of the immune cells is aided clinically by a process…

Q: Describe a type of autoimmune disease? What is an autoimmune disease? What is the suggested cost to…

A: The immune system is a guard system of the body that helps the body to get rid of pathogens that…

Q: Vhy is inactivity a primary risk factor for many different diseases?

A: Physical inactivity or being inactive is the point at which you don't move your body for significant…

Q: What are the different ways that cells communicate with one another? Is it talking about endocrine…

A: Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of life. Different cells communicate with each…

Q: Describe what will enhance utilization of drugs that are administered orally, topically, and…

A: Any substance on consumption that causes changes in the physiology and psychology of the person is…

Q: Describe two early induced responses and whatpathogens they affect.

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to prevent the entry of harmful microbes in the…

Q: What is autoimmunity and how do autoimmune diseases occur

A: Autoimmunity: It is made up of cells, different organ and protein.These are also called antibodies…

Q: What is Antipredator Defenses ?

A: Predators as well as preys are well equipped for adapting to their surrounding.

Q: How can different time scales for response be achieved in control mechanisms?

A: Adenosine phosphate (ATP) is known as the energy currency of life. It carries energy within cells to…

Q: What is the basis behind NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) function?

A: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are medications that are commonly used to treat pain,…

Q: What is non-competitive antagonism?

A: Antagonism is the interference of one on the action of the other. It is of two types competitive and…

Q: In general terms, what role do cytokines play in the development of immunity? How does this compare…

A: Detailed explanation: CytokinesCytokines are a broad category of small proteins that are secreted by…

Q: the order of hematopoie sis pathways is * stem cell, progenitor cells, effector cells O progenitor…

A: Introduction:- Hematopoiesis is the production of all components of blood cells and blood plasma. It…

Q: How do patients with a stoma view their independence and their new body image and adjust to a new…

A: When individuals undergo stoma surgery, which involves the creation of an opening on the abdomen to…

Q: how can allergen(a) responsible be identified

A: Here we have to discuss that how responsible allergen will be identified?

Q: What is T-cell receptor (TCR) ? How it works ?

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: Why genetic differences account for resistance to certain diseases ?

A: Genetic resistance may be defined as the acquisition of genetic variation that leads to the…

Q: What do Local factors include?

A: Several fields are influenced or affected by local factors. These factors affect the fields like…

Q: What is the difference between central tolerance and peripheral tolerance?

A: Immune tolerance is important for preventing autoimmune and inflammatory disorders from developing.…

Q: What are the negative side effects of taking immunosuppressive drugs?

A: Immunosuppressive drugs are defined as the medicine used to prevent or reduce the chance of…

Q: What is chronic inflammation and how is it mediated?How is chronic inflammation related to…

A: Inflammation is a normal physiological response that causes injured tissue to heal. An inflammatory…

Q: What types of therapy are used to fight AIDS?

A: Microorganisms or microbes are defined as organisms that cannot be viewed by unaided eyes and are…

Q: While it is obvious that the tadpole’s tail muscles and skin die, is this death murder or induced…

A: The insusceptible framework is an organization of natural cycles that shields a living being from…

Q: Distinguish among the functions of the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3segments of the T cell receptor.

A: Introduction: T cell receptors (TCR) are present on T lymphocytes that are one of the immune cells…

Q: What is Autoimmune theory ?

A: The immune system is an essential body system that is composed of special cells, proteins, tissues…

Q: What is the rationale surrounding inflammation and cell injury and cell death?

A: The immunological response of the body helps to protect against foreign antigens that can…

Q: How does the immune system participate in stress-related diseases?

A: Immune system The body's organs and systems that give resistance to infection & poisons The…

Q: What is the first line of defense against disease?

A: The immune system is an organ system of the body that is functionally responsible for protecting the…

Q: What is the difference between predominant and subordinate monoclonal genes? Note the different…

A: The genes of an individual do not operate isolated from one another, but obviously are functioning…

Q: Describe the clonal deletion.

A: The immune system is a sophisticated biological system that can recognize and accept self-cells…

Q: Where is the CD4 receptor?  What is it’s role in the immune response? (provide details – innate vs…

A: The human immune system is made up of the ancient innate immune system that originated from…

Q: What are the main steps of major autophagy, explain briefly?

A: Autophagy is the process , where the body gets rid of damaged and dead cells to make way for new…

Q: What are effector mechanisms of immunity?

A: The immune system has many types of cells and signaling molecules. The cells of the immune system…

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.