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a I -b H C - d

a I -b H C - d

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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using the attached table, please help me with the following:

The chemical shift of the carbon at position 'a' is:____  ppm

The chemical shift of the hydrogen at position 'b' is:_____  ppm

The chemical shift of the carbon at position 'c' is:____  ppm

The chemical shift of the hydrogen at position 'd' is:____  ppm

### Chemical Shifts in NMR Spectroscopy **¹H-NMR Chemical Shifts:** - **Types of Hydrogen and their Chemical Shifts (δ):** - \( (CH_3)_4Si \) : 0 (by definition) - \( RNH_2 \) : 0.5–5.0 - \( ROH \) : 0.5–5.0 - \( RCH_3 \) : 0.7–1.3 - \( RCH_2R \) : 1.2–1.6 - \( R_3CH \) : 1.4–1.7 - \( R_2C=CRH \) : 1.6–2.6 - \( RC≡CH \) : 2.0–3.0 - \( RCOCH_3 \) : 2.1–2.9 - \( \) (Aromatic hydrogen \( \)) : 2.2–3.6 - \( ArCH_3 \) : 2.3–2.8 - \( ArCH_2 \) : 2.7–3.3 - \( RCH_2X \) : 3.1–3.8 - \( RCHO \) : 9.1–9.9 - \( RCO_2R \) : 3.3–4.3 - **Types of Hydrogen and their Chemical Shifts (Continued):** - \( RCH_2OH \) : 3.4–4.6 - \( RCH_2Br \) : 3.4–4.4 - \( RCOOCH_2R \) : 3.7–5.0 - \( RCHF_2 \) : 4.4–7.0 - \( A_7OH \) : 4.5–5.1 - \( R_2C=CH_2 \) : 4.6–5.0 - \( \) (Aromatic group) : 5.0–6.5 - \( \) (Alcohol group \( RCHO \)) : 9.
Transcribed Image Text:### Chemical Shifts in NMR Spectroscopy **¹H-NMR Chemical Shifts:** - **Types of Hydrogen and their Chemical Shifts (δ):** - \( (CH_3)_4Si \) : 0 (by definition) - \( RNH_2 \) : 0.5–5.0 - \( ROH \) : 0.5–5.0 - \( RCH_3 \) : 0.7–1.3 - \( RCH_2R \) : 1.2–1.6 - \( R_3CH \) : 1.4–1.7 - \( R_2C=CRH \) : 1.6–2.6 - \( RC≡CH \) : 2.0–3.0 - \( RCOCH_3 \) : 2.1–2.9 - \( \) (Aromatic hydrogen \( \)) : 2.2–3.6 - \( ArCH_3 \) : 2.3–2.8 - \( ArCH_2 \) : 2.7–3.3 - \( RCH_2X \) : 3.1–3.8 - \( RCHO \) : 9.1–9.9 - \( RCO_2R \) : 3.3–4.3 - **Types of Hydrogen and their Chemical Shifts (Continued):** - \( RCH_2OH \) : 3.4–4.6 - \( RCH_2Br \) : 3.4–4.4 - \( RCOOCH_2R \) : 3.7–5.0 - \( RCHF_2 \) : 4.4–7.0 - \( A_7OH \) : 4.5–5.1 - \( R_2C=CH_2 \) : 4.6–5.0 - \( \) (Aromatic group) : 5.0–6.5 - \( \) (Alcohol group \( RCHO \)) : 9.
The image is a structural diagram of a carbonyl compound with various labeled parts. Here is the detailed explanation: 1. **Benzene Ring (a)**: The structure on the left is a benzene ring, indicated by alternating double and single bonds forming a hexagonal shape. The label "a" points to one of the carbon atoms in the ring. 2. **Alkyl Chain**: Attached to the benzene ring is an alkyl chain. This is a straight carbon chain linking the benzene ring to the carbonyl group. 3. **Hydrogen Atom (b)**: This is a hydrogen atom that is bonded to the second carbon of the alkyl chain. 4. **Carbonyl Group (c)**: The carbonyl group is represented by a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen atom. The label "c" points to the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon. 5. **Functional Group (d)**: The label "d" points to the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group. This indicates the typical carbon-oxygen double bond characteristic of carbonyl groups. This diagram is commonly used to illustrate the structure of ketones or aldehydes, depending on additional substituents not shown here.
Transcribed Image Text:The image is a structural diagram of a carbonyl compound with various labeled parts. Here is the detailed explanation: 1. **Benzene Ring (a)**: The structure on the left is a benzene ring, indicated by alternating double and single bonds forming a hexagonal shape. The label "a" points to one of the carbon atoms in the ring. 2. **Alkyl Chain**: Attached to the benzene ring is an alkyl chain. This is a straight carbon chain linking the benzene ring to the carbonyl group. 3. **Hydrogen Atom (b)**: This is a hydrogen atom that is bonded to the second carbon of the alkyl chain. 4. **Carbonyl Group (c)**: The carbonyl group is represented by a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen atom. The label "c" points to the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon. 5. **Functional Group (d)**: The label "d" points to the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group. This indicates the typical carbon-oxygen double bond characteristic of carbonyl groups. This diagram is commonly used to illustrate the structure of ketones or aldehydes, depending on additional substituents not shown here.
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