A hummingbird sips nectar from the flowers of a plant species and, in the process, pollinates those flowers. This interaction is best classified as a mutualistic, because the plant provides nectar for the hummingbird and the hummingbird transports pollen for the plant. b parasitism, because the hummingbird consumes the flower's nectar. c Not enough information is provided to classify this interaction. d commensalism, because the hummingbird benefits from consuming nectar and the plant is unaffected. e predation, because the hummingbird eats the plant's seeds.

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Ecological Interactions

The study of the ecological interactions between living beings and their physical environment, including humans, is ecology. It aims to understand the crucial links between plants and animals and the world around them. Ecology also gives knowledge on the advantages of ecosystems and how we may use Earth resources to ensure that future generations have a healthy environment.