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A horizontal cylinder equipped with a movable piston. The piston is slowly moved (i.e., quasi-stationary) to compress the gas inside and then clamped. Consider the gas in the cylinder to be the system. (a) Sketch the gas-cylinder-piston arrangement before and after compression. (b) If the system is not isothermal but insulated, write and simplify the closed-system energy balance equation. Justify why any of the terms are set to zero. (c) For the above system, is the final temperature higher than, lower than, or the same as the initial temperature? Explain your answer.

A horizontal cylinder equipped with a movable piston. The piston is slowly moved (i.e., quasi-stationary) to compress the gas inside and then clamped. Consider the gas in the cylinder to be the system. (a) Sketch the gas-cylinder-piston arrangement before and after compression. (b) If the system is not isothermal but insulated, write and simplify the closed-system energy balance equation. Justify why any of the terms are set to zero. (c) For the above system, is the final temperature higher than, lower than, or the same as the initial temperature? Explain your answer.

Elements Of Electromagnetics
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
ChapterMA: Math Assessment
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1MA
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**Thermodynamic System Analysis: Gas Compression in a Cylinder** A **horizontal cylinder** is equipped with a movable piston. The piston is *slowly moved* (i.e., quasi-stationary) to compress the gas inside and then clamped. Consider the gas in the cylinder to be the system. **(a) Sketch the gas-cylinder-piston arrangement before and after compression.** - *Diagram Explanation:* Imagine a horizontal cylinder with a piston that can slide in and out. Before compression, the piston is positioned such that the gas occupies a larger volume, and after compression, the piston is pushed inward, reducing the gas volume. **(b) If the system is not isothermal but **insulated**, write and simplify the closed-system energy balance equation. Justify why any of the terms are set to zero.** - *Energy Balance Equation:* For an insulated system, no heat is exchanged with the surroundings. Thus, the equation simplifies to considering only work done and internal energy changes. - *Equation:* ΔU = W (where ΔU is the change in internal energy and W is the work done on the system). **(c) For the above system, is the final temperature higher than, lower than, or the same as the initial temperature? Explain your answer.** - Since the system is insulated and compressed, the work done on the gas increases its internal energy, thereby increasing its temperature. Thus, the final temperature is higher than the initial temperature.
Transcribed Image Text:**Thermodynamic System Analysis: Gas Compression in a Cylinder** A **horizontal cylinder** is equipped with a movable piston. The piston is *slowly moved* (i.e., quasi-stationary) to compress the gas inside and then clamped. Consider the gas in the cylinder to be the system. **(a) Sketch the gas-cylinder-piston arrangement before and after compression.** - *Diagram Explanation:* Imagine a horizontal cylinder with a piston that can slide in and out. Before compression, the piston is positioned such that the gas occupies a larger volume, and after compression, the piston is pushed inward, reducing the gas volume. **(b) If the system is not isothermal but **insulated**, write and simplify the closed-system energy balance equation. Justify why any of the terms are set to zero.** - *Energy Balance Equation:* For an insulated system, no heat is exchanged with the surroundings. Thus, the equation simplifies to considering only work done and internal energy changes. - *Equation:* ΔU = W (where ΔU is the change in internal energy and W is the work done on the system). **(c) For the above system, is the final temperature higher than, lower than, or the same as the initial temperature? Explain your answer.** - Since the system is insulated and compressed, the work done on the gas increases its internal energy, thereby increasing its temperature. Thus, the final temperature is higher than the initial temperature.
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