Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Draw the structural formula(s) for the major product(s) of each of the following reactions. Unless required, ignore stereochemical details

Transcribed Image Text:### Addition Reactions of Alkenes
**Figure Explanation**
This image illustrates three different addition reactions involving a cyclohexene derivative reacting with hydrogen halides under various conditions.
#### Reaction (a)
- **Reactants**: A cyclohexene derivative and hydrogen bromide (HBr).
- **Description**: The double bond in the cyclohexene derivative is shown reacting with HBr. This typical electrophilic addition reaction usually proceeds via Markovnikov's rule, where the bromine atom attaches to the more substituted carbon, and the hydrogen attaches to the less substituted carbon of the double bond.
#### Reaction (b)
- **Reactants**: The same cyclohexene derivative and HBr.
- **Condition**: The presence of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).
- **Description**: The addition of HBr in the presence of H₂O₂ proceeds via anti-Markovnikov addition. Under these conditions, the bromine attaches to the less substituted carbon due to a radical mechanism initiated by the peroxide.
#### Reaction (c)
- **Reactants**: The cyclohexene derivative and hydrochloric acid (HCl).
- **Description**: This reaction involves the addition of HCl to the double bond, following Markovnikov's rule, similar to reaction (a). The chlorine atom will attach to the more substituted carbon, while the hydrogen will attach to the less substituted carbon.
These reactions demonstrate the influence of reagents and conditions on the regiochemistry of electrophilic additions to alkenes.
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